Exam 1 Chapters 1, 3, 4

Question 1

What is lifespan development?

Answer 1

Change and continuity over time

Question 2

Stages of development

Answer 2

1. Prenatal
2. Infancy 0-2
3. Early Childhood 3-5
4. Middle Childhood 6-11
5. Adolescence 12-18
6. Emerging Adulthood 19-25
7. Adulthood 25-65
8. Late Adulthood 65+

Question 3

Biosocial

Answer 3

Physical growth

Question 4

Cognitive

Answer 4

the way we think; attitudes, beliefs, and assumptions

Question 5

Psychosocial

Answer 5

Relationships, emotion, personality

Question 6

6 steps of Scientific Method

Answer 6

1. Curiosity
2. Hypothesis
3. Test hypothesis- gather empirical evidence (data)
4. conclusions
5. report
6. ? replication- repeating with different participants

Question 7

Nature

Answer 7

influence of genes that people inherit

Question 8

Nurture

Answer 8

environmental influences, beginning with health and diet of the mother’s embryo

Question 9

Lifespan perspective

Answer 9

takes into account of all the phases of life

Question 10

Critical period

Answer 10

something that must occur to ensure normal development (example: growing legs, arms, etc)

Question 11

Sensitive stage

Answer 11

ex: speaking

Question 12

Ecological Systems Approach

Answer 12

Bronkenrenner; Each person is affected by many social contexts and interpersonal interactions

Question 13

Cohort

Answer 13

a group defined by its members shared age

Question 14

Social Construction

Answer 14

Idea based on shared perceptions, concept made by society ex: childhood, adolescence, senior citizens

Question 15

ethnic group

Answer 15

share heritage and ancestry, national origin, religion, language

Question 16

race

Answer 16

physical differences, biological characteristics

Question 17

epigenetic

Answer 17

Referring to the effects of environmental forces on the expression of an individual’s, or a species’, genetic inheritance.

Question 18

plasticity

Answer 18

human traits can be molded and can stay in one place (like plastic)

Question 19

dynamic systems

Answer 19

human development is ongoing, ever-changing interaction between the body and mind

Question 20

differential sensibility

Answer 20

some people are more vulnerable to certain experiences

Question 21

developmental theory

Answer 21

systematic statement of principles and generalizations that provides a framework for understanding how/why people change as they grow old

Question 22

Behaviorism

Answer 22

AKA the learning theory; laws and processes that behaviors are learned
John Watson

Question 23

Conditioning

Answer 23

process by which responses become linked to a stimuli

Question 24

Classical Conditioning

Answer 24

learning to associate a neutral stimulus (sound) with a meaningful stimulus (food)

Question 25

Operant Conditioning

Answer 25

performing an action and a response occurs

Question 26

Cross-sectional

Answer 26

born in different time periods

Question 27

Longitudinal

Answer 27

at a certain age groups

Question 28

Cross-sequential

Answer 28

in different time periods and age groups

Question 29

Neurons

Answer 29

brain's nerve cells

Question 30

Cortex

Answer 30

outer layer of the brain; most thinking, feeling, and sensing

Question 31

Axon

Answer 31

fiber that extends from a neuron and transmits pulses to the dendrites

Question 32

dendrites

Answer 32

fiber that extends from a neuron and receives pulse from the axon

Question 33

synapses

Answer 33

between dendrites and axon

Question 34

neurotransmitter

Answer 34

carries info

Question 35

Transient exuberance

Answer 35

great but temporary increase of dendrites

Question 36

pruning

Answer 36

unused connections in the brain die

Question 37

Sensation

Answer 37

sensory system detects a stimulus; one of the five senses

Question 38

Perception

Answer 38

processing the sensory info while the brain interprets a sensation

Question 39

Colostrum

Answer 39

thick high calorie fluid in mother's breast milk