Exam 1: Chapters 1 and 2 Flashcards
What’s the difference between acute and chronic stress?
Acute stress: the immediate stressor, “right now.”
Chronic stress: “chronic” = longer than 6 months.
-Example: a stressor that stresses you out for an entire semester or longer.
General Adaptation Syndrome:
Phase 1: ______ phase.
- Your body reacts to the stressor at hand.
- Sympathetic nervous system.
Alarm
General Adaptation Syndrome:
Phase 2: ______ phase.
- Adaptation to stress.
- Sustained release of cortisol in attempt to maintain arousal to combat the threat/stressful situation.
Resistance
General Adaptation Syndrome:
Phase 3: ______ phase.
- The body’s resources have been depleted in attempt to deal with the stressful situation.
- As a result of this depletion, our immune system is weakened, making it more likely that we experience illness and infection.
Exhaustion
General Adaptation Syndrome:
Phase 1: Alarm phase.
- Your body reacts to the stressor at hand.
- _________ nervous system.
Phase 2: Resistance phase.
- _________ to stress.
- Sustained release of ______ in attempt to maintain arousal to combat the threat/stressful situation.
Phase 3: Exhaustion phase.
- The body’s resources have been depleted in attempt to deal with the stressful situation.
- As a result of this depletion, our _______ system is weakened, making it more likely that we experience _______ and _______.
Sympathetic
Adaptation
cortisol
immune
illness and infection.
Understanding the important researchers of stress and what they studied…
1) Hans Seyle - General Adaptation Syndrome.
2) Simeons - Related evolution to psychosomatic disease.
3) Wolff – Prisons of war and emotional stress.
4) LeShan - Studied cancer, disease, and stress.
5) Engel – Ulcerative colitis.
6) Friedman & Rosenman - identified relationship between stress and coronary heart disease.
7) Simonton - imagery and cancer therapy.
Yuh.
What is the fight or flight response?
The body’s stress reaction that includes an increase in heart rate, respiration, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol.
State the stress theory: Hardiness theory, Social Support theory, or Life Events theory.
- Developed by Holmes and Rahe
- Proposes that stress occurs when a situation requires more resources than are available.
- Example: If you are taking a test for which you are unprepared, you might experience stress.
Life Events theory
State the stress theory: Hardiness theory, Social Support theory, or Life Events theory.
- Some researchers believe that it’s not about how many stressful events you experience, but on your attitude toward those events.
- If you perceive potentially stressful events as a ‘challenge’ instead of as a ‘threat’, less stress will result.
Hardiness Theory
State the stress theory: Hardiness theory, Social Support theory, or Life Events theory.
- Some stress experts believe that stress occurs when there is not enough social support available to respond to the event effectively.
- Emotional support provided.
- Helps an individual cope with the event and therefore decreases stress.
Social Support Theory
______:
- The nonspecifc response of the body to any demand made upon it. (e.g., increases in blood pressure, heart rate, perspiration, respiration, serum cholesterol, muscle tension, etc.)
- It isn’t technically an emotion. It’s more of a reaction toward disrupting or disturbing stimuli.
Stress
________:
-Any demand, stimulus, situation that requires adaptation or adjustment (traffic jam, crossing a busy street examples).
Stressor
What are the two different types of stressors?
Describe them.
1) Eustress:
- Good things to which one has to adapt and that can lead to the stress response.
2) Distress:
- Bad things to which one has to adapt and that can lead to a stress reaction.
The fight-or-flight response is termed ______ ________.
stress reactivity
Know the factors related to ‘Stress Reactivity’
- Stress reactivity includes increased muscle tension, increased heart rate, stoke volume, and output; elevated blood pressure; increased neural excitability; less saliva in the mouth; increased sodium retention; increased perspiration; change in respiratory rate; increased serum glucose; increased release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach; changes in brain waves; and increased urination.
- The longer our physiology varies from its baseline measures (duration) and the greater the variance from that baseline (degree), the more likely we are to experience ill effects from this stress reactivity.
Yuh.
The brain includes two major component…
1) ________ ______ (upper part).
2) _________ (lower part).
(CS)
Cerebral cortex
Subcortex
The subcortex includes…
1) ________ ________.
2) ___________.
3) ___________.
4) ____.
(MD-CP)
(MD) Medulla oblongata and Diencephalon
(CP) Cerebellum and Pons
The diencephalon is made up of…
1) ________.
2) __________.
(TH)
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
The cerebral cortex consists of four lobes…
1) _______ lobe.
2) _________ lobe.
3) _________ lobe.
4) __________ lobe.
(F-POT)
1) Frontal
2) Parietal
3) Occipital
4) Temporal
State what this part of the brain does…
-Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is also known as _____ ______.
The upper part of the brain responsible for thinking functions.
-Controls higher-order abstract functioning, such as language and judgement.
gray matter
