Exam 1 contd Flashcards by Gail I

(ancient egypt- akhenaton and the amarna period) around 1350 BCE, a revolution uncured in religion and society.
Akhenaton abandoned most gods in favor of … (identified with the …) as the universal and only god. emptied the temples, enraged the priests, and moved the …

Aton; sun disc; capital

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(ancient egypt- akhenaton and the amarna period) akhenaton declared himself … and …of Aton. no … or … form represented–simply the sun disc

son; prophet; human; animal

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(ancient egypt- akhenaton and the amarna period) akhenaton, from the temple of Aton, Egypt, 18th dynasty ca. 1353-1335 BCE:

colossal sculpture. non traditional and … (the … sun disc)
very short lived style and era
there was a return to worship of …after he died

androgynous; sexless;

Amen-Re

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(ancient egypt- akhenaton and the amarna period) Books of the Dead:
the ritual of … (the granting of …) is recorded in the egyptian book of the dead
These papyrus scrolls were
essential in well-to-do tombs of the dead and could be 70 feet long. The texts consist of a number of …
intended to assist a dead person’s journey through underworld, and into the afterlife.

Osiris; eternal life;

magic spells

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(ancient egypt- akhenaton and the amarna period) Books of the Dead:
Some are intended to give the
deceased … in the afterlife, or perhaps to identify them with the …: Others are incantations to ensure
the different elements of the dead person’s being were… and …, and to give the deceased… over the
world around him.

mystical knowledge; gods; preserved; reunited; control

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(ancient egypt- akhenaton and the amarna period) Books of the Dead:
Still others protect the deceased from various… forces, or guide him through the underworld past
various obstacles. Famously, two spells also deal with the judgment of the deceased in the ….ritual

hostile; Weighing of the Heart

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(ancient egypt- akhenaton and the amarna period) last judgment of Hu-Nefer, from tomb at Thebes, Egypt, 19th dynasty, ca. 1290-1280 BCE.

… (jackal headed god of embalming) leads Hu-nefer in to weigh his heart against a … of the goddess Maat.
…, devourer of the sinful, awaits the verdict.
the Ibis-headed Thoth … the vent.
gods above witness the event as Hu-nefer kneels before them. Horus brings him to … to be granted eternal life

Anibus; 
feather; 
Ammit; 
records; 
Osiris

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(ancient egypt- akhenaton and the amarna period) Temple of Horus, Edfu, Egypt, ca. 237-47 BCE

Pylon temple 1000 yrs after Amen-Re in Karnak
has a massive facade.
egyptian art forms had a long and lasting impression on its people and their perception of …
everywhere else in the mediterranean world, … was the norm

depicting imagery;

change

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(ancient egypt- stylistic continuity of ancient egyptian art) portrait statue of mentuemhet, Karnak, Egypt. 660-650 BCE

… (mayor) of thebes and fourth prophet of …
intimate yet formal, exuding both strength of … and …,

prince of the city; Amen;

character; serenity

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(ancient egypt- stylistic continuity of ancient egyptian art) portrait statue of mentuemhet, Karnak, Egypt. 660-650 BCE

is an example (except for the rendition of the face) of the return to … aesthetics and values promoted by the Kushite kings of dynasty 25. he virtually ruled the whole of … he is one of the few great officials of whom several distinctive portrait statues have survived

middle kingdom;

middle egypt;

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(the prehistoric aegean) the aegean culture is the link between …, …, and … art

near eastern; egyptian; Greek

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(the prehistoric aegean) this was the age that was later celebrated in … writers and orators employed cities and geographic specifics to their myths
people inhabited the region as far back as … BCE or so. Its heyday was not established until around … BCE, much later than the great civilizations in Mesopotamia, Egypt, and South Asia

Greek mythology; 10000;

2000;

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(the prehistoric aegean) there are 3 distinct geographic areas with distinct styles:
… (circle of Islands)
… (Crete)
… (greek mainland) later stages called … (after Agamemnon’s citadel in Mycenae).

cyclades;
minoa;
helladic; mycenaean

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(the prehistoric aegean) figurine of a woman, from syros (cyclades), greece, ca. 2500-2300 BCE

cyclades is a circle of islands including Naxos and Paros where … was abundant. artists made strikingly simple abstract figurative sculpture that is admired and desired by contemporary collectors
like most ancient sculpture, this piece represents a … woman with her arms on her …

marble;

nude; abdomen

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(the prehistoric aegean) figurine of a woman, from syros (cyclades), greece, ca. 2500-2300 BCE

these figures are found in … and in … and range from 2 in to 6 ft in scale
large simple … dominate form. figures do not stand upright. they must have been formed to be placed …

graves; settlements;

triangles; lying down

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(the prehistoric aegean) figurine of a woman, from syros (cyclades), greece, ca. 2500-2300 BCE
as in other Stone age art, we’re not exactly sure what they represent. that being said, only the … and … are emphasized. slight paunch could mean she’s …

breasts; pubic area; pregnant

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(the prehistoric aegean) 1. 1700 BCE marked the rise of … and the … of Crete
2. this is the first …

large structures; golden age;

great western civilization

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(the prehistoric aegean) 1700 BCE

first conscious step toward … in the arts
the … fits the … –> legend states that … built the great fortresses

aesthetic perfection;
function; form;
Cyclops

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(the prehistoric aegean) palace of knossons (crete), greece, ca. 1700-1400 BCE

the largest … built
it radiates with … through the elaborate architectural planes and volumes that were clustered around the central courtyard and scores of residential and administrative structures
the elegant wall frescoes which decorated the walls speak of a people who approached the subtleties of life and the splendor of nature with a …

minoan palace;
joyous exuberance;
joyous disposition

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(the prehistoric aegean) bull-leaping, from the palace at knossos (crete), ca. 1450-1400 BCE

minoan ceremony. men– … , women- … are in the ancient convention
figures have stylized typically minoan …
very elegant, animated and descriptive rendering

dark-skinned; light-skinned;

pinched waists

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(the prehistoric aegean) snake goddess, from the palace at knossos (crete), greece, ca. 1600 BCE. Faience

faience is a glasslike silicae. scholars believe she is a mortal … to the … but exposed breasts suggest …

attendant; dead; fertility deity

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(the prehistoric aegean) snake goddess, from the palace at knossos (crete), greece, ca. 1600 BCE. Faience

snakes in head and the animal on her head also imply … as in a deity
costume is distinctly …, especially the … (laced up top of a dress) and …

power over the animals;
Minoan;
open bodice; narrow waist

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(the prehistoric aegean) degree of … is without precedent in ancient art

realism

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(the prehistoric aegean) harvester vase from Hagia Triada (crete), greece, ca. 1500 BCE

first surviving …
this composition bursts with energy and individual characterization
minoan importance faded about … as the … became prominent

minoan relief sculpture;

1400 BCE; mainland

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(the prehistoric aegean) harvester vase from Hagia Triada (crete), greece, ca. 1500 BCE 1. riotous crowd ... and ... 2. figure shown in full profile, with inflated lungs/ribs showing 3. first artist to show ...

singing; shouting; | underlying physical attributes

(the prehistoric aegean) harvester vase from Hagia Triada (crete), greece, ca. 1500 BCE 4. belies the mindset of the Greeks and the admiration and glorification of the ... as well as the ... 5. great detail and accuracy despite small scale. ... and ... in minute detail - even the faces

physical; spiritual; | muscles; form

(the prehistoric aegean) vault of tholos tomb (treasury of atreus) ca. 1250 BC, mycenae, Greece the treasure of atreus is considered the most splendid monumental structure of mycenaean architecture at its peak. was in use over a long period of time tomb was built of smooth almond-stone ... blocks lintel is an enormous stone weight 240,000 pounds and is relieved above by a ... the tholos is 45 ft in diameter and 43 ft high. the largest ... in the world for 1500 yrs. only the ... in Rome surpassed it

ashlar; relieving triangle; dome; Pantheon

(Ancient Greece) The Greeks made significant contributions to the world in ..., ..., ..., and ..., but initially owed much to the Near East and Egypt

art; science; literature; politics

(Ancient Greece) they valued ..., ..., and ...

military valor; heroism; athleticism

(Ancient Greece) never formed single nation, but instead were ... and regarded themselves as ... an ancient name for Greek

independent city-states; Hellenes

(Ancient Greece) ... has always been the symbolic capital of greece in 776 BCE, the separate states all participated in the first ...

Athens; Olympic games

(Ancient Greece) Greeks worshiped various gods, some from the Eastern Cultures. Their gods looked human but were ... "Greeks made gods into humans, and humans into gods." they focused on portraying. ... believed in developing both the ... and ... "A sound mind is a sound body"

immortal; beautiful humans; mind; body;

(Ancient Greece) education was divided into 3 parts: ..., ... and ... Greek architecture has had a longer and more profound impact on architecture than any other style

grammar; music; gymnastics

(Ancient Greece) Greek art changed continuously in their quest to improve and seek ..., whereas the Egyptian desire for performance maintained .... and ...

perfection; conventions; formulas

(Ancient Greece) the greek basis for beauty was "..." - ... and ...

measurement; ratios; proportions

(Ancient Greece) three ways we learn about Greek art: 1. The ... themselves 2. ... 3. ... (the Greeks were the first people to write at length about their own ...)

monuments; Roman copies; literary sources; artists

(Ancient Greece) Geometric Krater, from the Dipylon cemetery, Athens, Greece, ca. 740 BCE: 1. a krater is a large ..., usually for mixing ... and .... this one marked a grave

bowl; wine; water

(Ancient Greece) Geometric Krater, from the Dipylon cemetery, Athens, Greece, ca. 740 BCE: 2. it has a hole at the bottom for mourners to provide ... 3. covered with abstract symbols. especially "..." 4. the scene depicts a ... and ...

provisions to the dead; meanders; funeral; procession

(Ancient Greece) Geometric Krater, from the Dipylon cemetery, Athens, Greece, ca. 740 BCE: 5. everything is 2 dimensional and all the space is filled 6. even the shroud is an ... form 7. mourning women ... Soldiers become their ... 8. figure and story telling reintroduced

abstract; pulling their hair out; shields

(Ancient Greece) Kouros (young men) ca. 600 BCE early example of ... in Greece. ... statue. replaced ... as grave marker.

life-size sculpture; funerary; vases

(Ancient Greece) Kouros (young men) ca. 600 BCE like the egyptians, ... and ... forward and rigidly frontal (but nude and indistinguishable from ...) also liberated from the block. greeks were looking for ... and ...

left foot; thumb; deities; motion; movement

(Ancient Greece) Kouros (young men) ca. 600 BCE | stylistic elements similar to the ... sculpture like the Mantiklos

orientalizing

(Ancient Greece) Kroisos ca. 530 BCE, from Anovysos Greece 1. encaustic .. still visible on the form tomb visitors invited to stay and mourn after 70 yrs, the figure is far more ..., yet still ... head has proper proportion, swelling cheeks, rounded hips

paint; | naturalistic; oriental

(Ancient Greece) plan of a typical Greek temple: later greek temples still similar to ... simple, compact, with beautiful proportions early temples were long and narrow almost ... proportions proportion in architecture was akin to ... in music

megarons; 1:3; harmony

(Ancient Greece) elevations of the doric and ionic orders: ... played a major role in temple ornamentation. they embellished and narrated. sculpture on the ... and ... sculpture and art is placed in ... places

figures; frieze; pediments; nonstructural

(Ancient Greece) elevations of the doric and ionic orders: platform, colonnade, and superstructure doric order is ... in appearance. ionic is more ... and rises from a base. unthinkable for Greeks to use ... for complicated ornamentation

massive; slender; structural elements

(Ancient Greece) temples first made of ..., then ..., ..., and ...

wood; limestone; sandstone; marble

(Ancient Greece) Greek temple altars were outside, facing ... Services were held ... ... of the god resided in the temple - they were the house of god

east; outside; outside; | statue

(Ancient Greece) architecture was sculpture. | during the 6th century BCE, Greeks began to build ...

columnar temples

(Ancient Greece) euthymides, three revelers, Vulci, Italy, ca. 510 BCE Euthymides' figures are studies of ... his figures are ... the central figure is in 3/4 view. signed his work "Euthymides painted me, as never Euphronios could do"

human form; foreshortened

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) Greek classical art depicts humans moving ... and displaying ...

naturally; self consciousness

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) 1. early and high classical periods began after the defeat of the ... in ... BCE 2. the persian invasion nurtured a sense of ... between the Greek city states and fostered a distinctly different worldview from them

Persian invaders; 480; | Hellenistic identity

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) 4. they celebrated ... and ... over the barbarous crimes, blood feuds, and mad vengeance they associated with the Persians

reason; law

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) 5. the decades following the Persian threat are considered the ... of Greek civilization

high point

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) Dying warrior, from the west pediment of the Temple of Aphaia, Aegina Greece, ca. 500-490 BCE: still ... in mode. Looks like a ... - no sense of life and spirit

archaic; mannequin

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) dying warrior, from the east pediment of the Temple of Aphaia, Aegina, Greece, ca. 480 BCE: more .. and ... pose. Reacts to his wound like a human being would. Tries to ... This is the new ... view of art in Greece

natural; complex; rise up; Classical

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) Kritios Boy, from the Acropolis, Athens, Greece. ca. 480 BCE one of the most important ... statues in the history of naturalistic art 1. complete break from ... poses 2. the earliest known example of ..., a relaxed and natural stance. His weight shifts to his left leg and his head turns slightly to his right 3. absence of archaic ...

figurative; Egyptian static; contrapposto; smile

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) Polykleitos, Doryphoros (spear bearer), Roman marble copy from Pompeii, Italy ca. 450-440 BCE pythagoras reasoned that a perfect statue would encompass a ... - originally titled a ...

mathematical formula; Canon

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) Polykleitos, Doryphoros (spear bearer), Roman marble copy from Pompeii, Italy ca. 450-440 BCE He influenced Polykleitos' canon of ... (setting ... among body parts) entails ... and the ... Arms and legs complement each other. Head to the right, hips to the left

proportions; ideal correlations; | Contrapposto; harmony of opposites

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) Polykleitos, Doryphoros (spear bearer), Roman marble copy from Pompeii, Italy ca. 450-440 BCE one of the most copied of all Greek sculptures. A model for ... it is ..., the ...

Roman athletes; | motion at rest; Harmony of opposites

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) 1. despite all the damage done by the Persians, Greece emerged ... and ... 2. funds for the reconstruction came from ... paid by the Hellenistic city-states as ... from outside attack

powerful; prestigious; | tribute money; protection

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) | 3. the funds were not fruits of democracy but by-products of ... and ...

tyranny; abuse of power

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) Aerial view of the Acropolis looking southeast, Athens, greece. 1. .. is the centerpiece 2. built in just 9 years. comprised of a complex of buildings 3. Athens' great architects designed them 4. They have undergone extensive ... and ... through the ages

Parthenon; | reconfiguration; destruction

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) Acropolis structures: 1. ... 2. ... 3. ... 4. ... 5. Temple of ...

``` Parthenon; Propylaia; Pinakotheke; Erechtheion; Athena Nike ```

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) Iktinos and Kallikrates, Parthenon, Athens, Greece, 447-438 BCE 1. Parthenon is most lavishly adorned Greek temple made. seen as the ideal solution to the Greek ... temple design. 2. comprises well shaped columns with ... 3. the controlling ratio for the symmetria of the parts is ... (8 columns x 2) + 1 = 17 columns along the long side

Doric; slender shafts; x = 2y + 1

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) | 4. has many irregular features, ... base, ... columns

curved; tilting;

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) 5. Also has some ... elements 6. four ... in the back room. gesture to show kinship with Ionians? 7. all the structures in the acropolis have mixed .., ... elements

Ionic; Ionic columns; Ionic; Doric;

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) Plan of the Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens, Greece 447-432 BCE the sculpted images are on the ..., the ... (which housed larger than life sculptures), and the ...

Friezes; pediment; Metopes

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) Lapis versus Centaur, Metopes from the Pantheon, Athens, Greece ca. 447-438 BCE: 1. ... sculptures are throughout the temple 2. depict the victory over ... - a consistent theme ruling the Parthenon 3. Figures sculpted in ..., with some in the ...

Phidias'; barbarians; High relief; round

(Greece- Early and High Classical Periods 480-400 BCE) Phidias, Athena Parthenos, in the cella of the Parthenon, Acropolis, Athens, Greece ca. 438 BCE 1. model chryselephantine statue that was made from Gold and Ivory. 38 feet tall 2. Pantheon was designed ... 3. the ... had to be wider than normal, which is why the temple has 8 columns 4. Athena holds... in her right hand

around her; Cella; victory

(late classical greek period 400 - 323 BCE) Lysippos, Weary Herakles. Rome, Italy, signed by ..., of a bronze original from ca. 320 BCE 1. viewer forced to walk around the sculpture to see the ... in his hand 2. ... and ... is rejected in his sculpture

Glykon of Athens; apple; stability; balance

(late classical greek period 400 - 323 BCE) Praxiteles, Aphrodite of Knidos. ca. 350-340 BCE 1. Greek artists displayed ... styles 2. although Aphrodite's behavior is ..., it was a bold step to render a goddess ... 3. she is ... rather than erotic- has humanizing qualities

individual; modest; ' in the nude; sensuous

(late classical greek period 400 - 323 BCE) 4. this portrayal is different from the cold, aloof gods and athletes of the ... period 5. She has ... and is about to step into a bath 6. in its day, this sculpture was considered superior to all works of art

High Classical; | removed her garment

(late classical greek period 400 - 323 BCE) | 1. late 5th century in Greece was marked by the devastating ... between ... and ...

Peloponnesian War; Athens; Sparta

(late classical greek period 400 - 323 BCE) 2. focus shifted to the ... and the ... 3. Athens, weak and gripped by plague, fell to the ... and then later to ...

individual; real world; | Spartans; Thebes

(late classical greek period 400 - 323 BCE) 4. ... invaded Greece and defeated the united city states at the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BCE

macedonians

(late classical greek period 400 - 323 BCE) 5. 4th century Greece saw ..., this affected its art. Serene Idealism surrendered to ... and ...

political turmoil; | disillusionment; alienation

(late classical greek period 400 - 323 BCE) philip of macedonia took control in ... BCE alexander the great took control in ... BCE

338; 336

(Hellenistic period, 323-30 BCE) 1. begins after the death of ... (323 BCE) and lasts through the defeat of ... and ... by the Romans at the Battle of Actium (30 BCE)

Alexander the Great; Cleopatra; Mark Anthony

(Hellenistic period, 323-30 BCE) 2. Kings ruled various parts of the empire 3. Gone were the city-states of and the grandeur of Athens 4. architecture took on ... scale and diversity 5. people from ... are represented 6. ... studies of individuals

imperial; everyday society; sensitive

(Hellenistic period, 323-30 BCE) 7. Greece was a ... world. There was interaction with many cultures and social orders 8. statues of the ... and the ... were made during this time frame

cosmopolitan; | old; non-famous

(Hellenistic period, 323-30 BCE) alexandros of antioch-on-the-meander, aphrodite (venus de milo), from melos, Greece, ca. 150-125 BCE 1. modestly draped but ... 2. custom described her as the ... in the world 3. her left hand half-heartedly tries to ...

overtly sexual; most beautiful goddess; hold up her drapery

(Hellenistic period, 323-30 BCE) athanadoros, hagesandros, and polydoros of Rhodes, Laocoon and his sons, from Rome, Italy, early first century CE 1. Greece is under Roman rule after ... BCE 2. Trojan priest ... and his ... 3. unearthed in 1506 in front of ... 4. The Trojan's terrible suffering is depicted ...

133; Laocoon; sons; Michelangelo; valiantly

Exam 1 contd Flashcards

(83 cards)