Exam 1 - Contraception

Question 1

What is Menarche?

Answer 1

Beginning of cycle of menstruation

Question 2

What is the US menarche age?

Answer 2

Approximately 12 years of age

Question 3

When does menopause begin in the US?

Answer 3

Approximately 50 years

Question 4

How long is a normal menstrual cycle?

Answer 4

28 days

-Ranges 21-40 days

Question 5

When does menses occur?

Answer 5

Day 1 of menstrual cycle

Question 6

What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 6

1) Follicular
2) Ovulatory
3) Luteal

Question 7

When does the follicular phase begin and how long does it continue?

Answer 7

Begins at menstruation

Lasts approximately 14 days

Question 8

The follicular phase facilitates ______ development in the ovary.

Answer 8

The follicular phase facilitates FOLLICLE development in the ovary.

Question 9

What occurs during the first 4 days of the follicular phase?

Answer 9

FSH levels rise

Follicles develop

Question 10

What occurs during days 5-7 of the follicular phase?

Answer 10

Dominant follicle releases estradiol and inhibin

Question 11

In what phase do formation of receptors for FSH and LH occur?

Answer 11

Follicular phase

Question 12

What phase has synthesis of estradiol, progesterone, and androgen?

Answer 12

Follicular phase

Question 13

T/F: Ovulation is a brief phase, lasting approximately 24-48 hours.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

When does follicular rupture and release of oocyte occur?

Answer 14

During ovulation

Question 15

When is conception most successful?

Answer 15

When intercourse occurs from 2 days prior to ovulation to the day of ovulation

Question 16

Pituitary releases midcycle LH surge and stimulates _____ maturation and _______.

Answer 16

Pituitary releases midcycle LH surge and stimulates follicular maturation and ovulation.

Question 17

How long does the luteal phase last?

Answer 17

13-15 days

Question 18

_____ follicles become corpus luteum.

Answer 18

Luteinized follicles become corpus luteum.

Question 19

What 3 things does the corpus luteum synthesize?

Answer 19

Estrogen
Progesterone
Androgen

Question 20

What maintains endometrial lining?

Answer 20

Progesterone

Question 21

What sustains implanted embryo and pregnancy?

Answer 21

Endometrial lining

Question 22

What maintains GnRH and gonadotropin release?

Answer 22

Progesterone

Question 23

If pregnancy occurs, then what prevents regression of corpus luteum?

Answer 23

hCG

Question 24

How long does hCG stimulate the continued production of estrogen and progesterone for?

Answer 24

6-8 weeks

Question 25

In the luteal phase, what happens if fertilization does not occur?

Answer 25

Corpus luteum degenerates -->Progesterone declines -->Endometrial shedding (menstruation)

Question 26

How are estrogen and progesterone levels at the end of the luteal phase?

Answer 26

LOW

Question 27

When do FSH levels rise?

Answer 27

At the end of the luteal phase | -Next cycle begins

Question 28

What are the two methods of contraception?

Answer 28

1) Barriers or prevention of ovulation | 2) Creation of unfavorable uterine environment

Question 29

What are the non-hormone nonpharmacologic therapies (DUCCSS)?

Answer 29

``` Diaphragm Uterine devices Condom Cervical cup Sponge Spermicides ```

Question 30

What are the two nonpharmacologic therapies for contraception?

Answer 30

1) Periodic abstinence | 2) Barrier techniques

Question 31

What are the pharmacologic therapies for contraception?

Answer 31

``` Spermicides Uterine devices Long-acting injectable and implantable contraceptives Oral contraception Transdermal (patch) Contraceptive rings ```

Question 32

T/F: Diaphragms and cervical caps do not provide protection against STDs.

Answer 32

FALSE | -Both provide some protection against STDs

Question 33

Name the barrier device that is fitted by a physician, dome shaped, and placed in the cervix 6 hours before intercourse and left in at least 6 hours afterward.

Answer 33

DIAPHRAGM

Question 34

Name the barrier device that is a thimble-shaped cap that is placed over the cervix 1/2 hour before intercourse and left in place at least 8 hours after but not >a total of 48 hours.

Answer 34

CERVICAL CAP

Question 35

T/F: Barrier devices can be used with spermicides.

Answer 35

TRUE

Question 36

How effective are condoms when used in conjunction with other barrier methods?

Answer 36

98%

Question 37

Which type of condoms provide STD protection?

Answer 37

LATEX

Question 38

What is the brand name of female condoms?

Answer 38

Reality

Question 39

T/F: Spermicides provide protection against STDs.

Answer 39

FALSE | -Spermicides provides no protection against STDs

Question 40

What is the brand name of the sponge with spermicide implanted in it?

Answer 40

Today

Question 41

How long do you leave Today in for following intercourse?

Answer 41

6 hours | -No longer than 24 hours

Question 42

What is in Phexxi?

Answer 42

Lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate

Question 43

T/F: Phexxi is a non-hormonal vaginal gel.

Answer 43

TRUE

Question 44

When is Phexxi contraindicated?

Answer 44

- Recurrent UTIs or urinary tract anomalies | - Combination with vaginal rings

Question 45

What are the components of estrogen contraceptives?

Answer 45

- Ethinyl estradiol (EE) | - Mestranol

Question 46

What are the components of progestin contraceptives?

Answer 46

- Ethynodiol diacetate - Desogestrel - Norgestimate - Norethidrone - Norethindrone acetate - Norethynodrel - Norgestrel - Levonorgestrel - Drosperinone

Question 47

Name the mechanisms of action of contraception.

Answer 47

1) FSH suppression 2) LH suppression 3) Cervical mucus thickening 4) Inhibition of egg implantation 5) Thin endometrial lining

Question 48

What component does FSH suppression contain?

Answer 48

ESTROGENS

Question 49

What components do LH suppression contain?

Answer 49

ESTROGENS, PROGESTINS

Question 50

What component does cervical mucus thickening contain?

Answer 50

PROGESTINS

Question 51

What component does inhibition of egg implantation contain?

Answer 51

ESTROGENS

Question 52

What component does thin endometrial lining contain?

Answer 52

PROGESTINS

Question 53

Name issues associated with progestin contraceptives.

Answer 53

- Inconsistent inhibition of ovulation - Higher ectopic pg rates - Irregular menses - Hirsutism

Question 54

Name the brand of "mini-pills" progesterone only contraception.

Answer 54

MICRONOR

Question 55

T/F: Micronor contains no estrogen.

Answer 55

TRUE

Question 56

What are estrogen side effects?

Answer 56

- Nausea - Fluid retention - Breast tenderness - HA

Question 57

What is a benefit to taking Micronor?

Answer 57

No estrogen = no estrogen side effects

Question 58

Who takes Micronor mini-pills?

Answer 58

Women who cannot take estrogens | -At risk for clots

Question 59

When do you start Micronor?

Answer 59

On the first day of menses

Question 60

T/F: You have to take Micronor at the same time every day.

Answer 60

TRUE

Question 61

T/F: Micronor only has active pills.

Answer 61

TRUE | -28 days active

Question 62

When do you have to use a back up method when on Micronor?

Answer 62

- The first 1-2 months - Whenever any pills are missed - If a pill is more than 3 hours late

Question 63

What is another progestine only pill called that has Drospirenone, has 24 active pills and allows for a 24 hour window for delayed or missed pill?

Answer 63

SLYND