Exam 1 digestion and absorption

Question 1

Digestion

Answer 1

the process by which food is broken down into components small enough to be absorbed into the body

Question 2

Absorption

Answer 2

the process of taking substances from GI tract into the interior of the body.

Question 3

Key components of digestive system

Answer 3

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, SI and LI

Question 4

Accessory components of digestive system

Answer 4

salivary glands, liver, gallbladder and pancreas

Question 5

Steps of digestion for starch

Answer 5

Mouth: amylase Stomach: stop chemical digestion Si: pancreatic amylases convert into glucose

Question 6

Steps of digestion for mono sugar

Answer 6

SI: taken into the blood

Question 7

Steps of digestion for di sugar

Answer 7

SI: turned into mono and taken into the blood

Question 8

Steps of digestion for fiber

Answer 8

LI: bacteria break it down

Question 9

steps of digestion for lipids

Answer 9

Stomach: churned SI: bile emulsify lipids, lipase break it down into fatty acids, break apart micelle and into chylomicrons and put into the lymphatic system

Question 10

steps of digestion for protein

Answer 10

Mouth: mechanical break down. Stomach: HCl unfold protein and break down into smaller units SI: break into amino acids and put into the blood.

Question 11

What are the end products of protein?

Answer 11

Amino acids

Question 12

What are the end products of CHO?

Answer 12

glucose, galactose and fructose

Question 13

What are the end products of fats?

Answer 13

triglycerides, free fatty acids and glycerol

Question 14

What are the functions of HCl in the stomach?

Answer 14

Kills most bacteria present in food, unfolds proteins.

Question 15

What happens of HCl is too low?

Answer 15

You can get ulcers and lower immunity

Question 16

What lines the SI?

Answer 16

large circular folds and villi

Question 17

What is bile, where is it made and what does it do?

Answer 17

A digestive fluid made in the gallbladder tjat is released into the SI where it aids in fat digestion and absorption

Question 18

What is the role of the pancreas in digestion?

Answer 18

secrets pancreatic juice and digestive enzymes

Question 19

pancreatic amylase

Answer 19

enzyme that cont. the job of breaking down starches into sugars

Question 20

Pancreatic proteases

Answer 20

Break protein into shorter chains of amino acids and lipases

Question 21

Where are biocarbonates formed and where are they secreted into the GI tract? Function?

Answer 21

formed in SI and they make the environment in SI neutral or slightly basic

Question 22

What is the role of gastrin and secretin?

Answer 22

regulates pH levels. If lower than 1.5 secretin is released.

Question 23

What is the role of CCK and ghrelin

Answer 23

If hungry, ghrelin makes stomach growl and CCK is released when food reaches the SI

Question 24

What are the functions of the LI

Answer 24

Most water is absorbed here. Break down of unabsorbed portions of food and synthesize nutrients that can be use by the microflora or absorbed into the body

Question 25

Where does acid kill bacteria?

Answer 25

Stomach

Question 26

Where does amylase start starch digestion?

Answer 26

SI

Question 27

Where does bacteria chemically break down fiber?

Answer 27

LI

Question 28

Where do biocarbonates neutralize acid?

Answer 28

SI

Question 29

Where does bile break up fat?

Answer 29

SI

Question 30

Where does chewing break down food?

Answer 30

Mouth

Question 31

Where does churning cause mechanical digestion of food?

Answer 31

Stomach

Question 32

Where are micelles formed?

Answer 32

SI

Question 33

Where does most chemical digestion and absorption occur?

Answer 33

SI

Question 34

Where do pancreatic enzymes chemically digest food?

Answer 34

SI

Question 35

Where does peristalsis start?

Answer 35

esophagus

Question 36

Where is chyme produced?

Answer 36

stomach

Question 37

Where do proteins unfold because of acid?

Answer 37

stomach

Question 38

Where does saliva lubricate?

Answer 38

mouth

Question 39

Where is the site of villi and microvilli?

Answer 39

SI