Exam 1 Diuretics

Question 1

Characteristics of this diuretic include: free glomerular filtration, limited tubular reabsorption, inert/nontoxic, resistant to metabolic alteration

Answer 1

Osmotic diuretics

Question 2

Type of diuretic that is not reabsorbed but carries equivalent amount of fluid

Answer 2

Osmotic diuretics

Question 3

Primary site of action is descending loop of henle

Answer 3

Osmotic diuretics

Question 4

increases excretion of all electrolytes

Answer 4

osmotic diuretics

Question 5

adverse side effects include acute rapid expansion of ECF-could cause cardiac decompensation/failure in CVD

Answer 5

osmotic diuretics

Question 6

Headache and Nausea are common SE

Answer 6

osmotic diuretics

Question 7

General therapeutic uses: acute renal failure, glaucoma, mobilize edema fluid, reduce spinal fluid volume/pressure before neurosurgery

Answer 7

osmotic diuretics

Question 8

Prototypes: Mannitol and Isosorbide

Answer 8

Osmotic diuretics

Question 9

Osmotic diuretic that has poor GI absorption

Answer 9

Mannitol

Question 10

Osmotic diuretics that can be taken orally

Answer 10

Isosorbide

Question 11

all of these types of diuretics have a free sulfonamide group

Answer 11

CA inhibitors

Question 12

this diuretic causes alkaline urine and metabolic acidosis

Answer 12

CA inhibitors

Question 13

increased excretion of Na, K, HCO3, H20

Answer 13

CA inhibitors

Question 14

Diuretic effect is self-limiting because metabolic acidosis reduces filtered load of HCO3

Answer 14

CA inhibitors

Question 15

Absorption is rapid and complete; half-life is 6-9 hours

Answer 15

CA inhibitors

Question 16

Prototype: Acetazolamide (DIAMOX)

Answer 16

CA inhibitors

Question 17

not used as primary diuretic due to short action

Answer 17

CA inhibitors

Question 18

General therapeutic uses: alkalinize urine, glaucoma, reduces epileptic seizure, mountain sickness

Answer 18

CA inhibitors

Question 19

Adverse side effects: Parasthesia

Answer 19

CA inhibitors

Question 20

Adverse side effects: drowsiness is common

Answer 20

CA inhibitors

Question 21

Adverse side effects: can cause kidney stones (due to alkaline urine –> precip. Ca PO4)

Answer 21

CA Inhibitors

Question 22

hypersensitivity/allergic reactions may occur but are rare with this class of diuretics

Answer 22

CA inhibitors

Question 23

Class of diuretics that was developed to improve action of CAI’s

Answer 23

Thiazides

Question 24

Prototype: Chlorothiazide (Diuril)

Answer 24

Thiazides

Question 25

MOA: inhibits the Na/Cl symport in the distal segment of the nephron, also limited CA inhibition

Answer 25

Thiazides

Question 26

diuretic that causes K-depletion due to excess Na in the distal tubule

Answer 26

Thiazides

Question 27

Chronic use leads to decreased uric acid excretion which can lead to GOUT

Answer 27

Thiazides

Question 28

decreases Ca excretion and increases Mg excretion, also increases excretion of other halogens (Iodine, Bromine)

Answer 28

Thiazides

Question 29

Orally active with incomplete GI absorption (10-20%)

Answer 29

Thiazides

Question 30

relatively long-acting due to protein binding, but protein binding and duration varies greatly

Answer 30

Thiazides

Question 31

Adverse SE: mild GI symptoms

Answer 31

Thiazides

Question 32

Adverse SE: HYPOnatremia and dehydration

Answer 32

Thiazides

Question 33

Adverse SE: K+ depletion; important in CVD

Answer 33

Thiazides

Question 34

Adverse SE: HYPERGLYCEMIA

Answer 34

Thiazides

Question 35

Adverse SE: uric acid buildup= GOUT

Answer 35

Thiazides

Question 36

General Therapeutic use: Hypertension (most common), edema of CHF or with chronic liver and renal disease

Answer 36

Thiazides

Question 37

Class of diuretics that have prompt onset and short duration of action

Answer 37

Loop diuretics

Question 38

diuretics that have little or no acid/base change

Answer 38

Loop diuretics

Question 39

Diuretics that inhibit Na/Cl transport in the Ascending loop

Answer 39

Loop diuretics

Question 40

Prototype: Furosemide, Ethacrynic acid

Answer 40

Loop diuretics

Question 41

MOA: inhibit the Na-K-2Cl symport in the ascending loop of henle

Answer 41

Loop diuretics

Question 42

MOA reduces the counter-current multiplier mechanism

Answer 42

Loop diuretics

Question 43

minor diuretic effect CA inhibitor; main effect occurs in ascending loop

Answer 43

Furosemide

Question 44

increases Ca, Mg, K excretion

Answer 44

Loop diuretics

Question 45

Decreases uric acid excretion like thiazides

Answer 45

Loop diuretics

Question 46

General therapeutic use: edema of pulmonary, cardiac, hepatic, and renal origin

Answer 46

Loop diuretics

Question 47

General therapeutic use: refractory edema; little or no response to thiazides

Answer 47

Loop diuretics

Question 48

General therapeutic use: drug OD to enhance the rate of drug elmination

Answer 48

Loop diuretics

Question 49

Adverse SE: dehydration most common (related to diuretic potency)

Answer 49

Loop diuretics

Question 50

Adverse SE: electrolyte imbalance (hyponatremia) and hypotension

Answer 50

Loop diuretics

Question 51

hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia (arrhythmias)

Answer 51

Loop diuretics

Question 52

Adverse SE: uric acid retention - gout (same as thiazides)

Answer 52

Loop diuretics

Question 53

Adverse SE: Ototoxicity

Answer 53

Loops (most common Ethacrynic Acid)

Question 54

K+ sparing diuretic that is an aldosterone receptor antagonist

Answer 54

Spironolactone

Question 55

Inhibits Aldosterone action in the distal tubule and collecting ducts to enhance Na and water excretion, and enhance K retention

Answer 55

Spirononlactone

Question 56

the diuretic effet is limited by hormonal regulation of aldosterone

Answer 56

Spironolactone

Question 57

Orally well absorbed (steroid)

Answer 57

Spironolactone

Question 58

half-life is 1.5 hours, and 17 hours for active metabolite

Answer 58

Spironolactone

Question 59

Adverse SE: HYPERkalemia, GI symptoms, Androgen-like effects

Answer 59

Spironolactone

Question 60

General therapeutic use: Edema of hypertension in combo with thiazides to prevent K loss (Aldactazide)

Answer 60

Spironolactone

Question 61

K+ sparing diuretics that act on late distal tubules and collecting ducts; cause Na, Cl, H20 loss

Answer 61

Amiloride and Triamterene

Question 62

Orally well absorbed (30-70%)

Answer 62

Amiloride and Triamterene

Question 63

peak action 1-2 hours, half-life 6-12 hours

Answer 63

Amiloride and triamterene

Question 64

Adverse SE: Hyperkalemia most serious, nausea and dizziness most common

Answer 64

Amiloride and triamterene

Question 65

General Therapeutic use: Edema of hypertension in combo with thiazide (Dyazide)

Answer 65

triamterene