Exam 1: EBP

Question 1

what is EBP?

Answer 1

process used to review, analyze, and translate the latest scientific evidence

Question 2

6 setps

Answer 2

1. develop a clinical question
2. efficiently search online database for the best available evidence
3. select and critically appraise the evidence
4. examine clinical expertise and integrate evidence with clinical practice
5. assess the outcome
6. disseminate the findings

Question 3

6 A’s

Answer 3

1. ask
2. acquire
3. appraise
4. apply
5. assess
6. audience

Question 4

types of clinical questions

Answer 4

background
foreground
- intervention/ therapy
-etiology
- diagnosis
- prognosis
- meaning

Question 5

disablement models

Answer 5

ensure whole person health, improve POE, help guide clinical question and decision making

Question 6

difference between medical and social perspective

Answer 6

provide a framework to examine the influence that societal and environmental factors have on your patient’s health conditions. help describe the relationship between your patient’s health condition and the consequences of the health condition. came from the medical perspective and the social perspective to be the combination of both in the frameworks we use today

Question 7

Nagi diablement model

Answer 7

origin- pathology
organ level - impairment
person level - functional limitation
societal level - disability

Question 8

types of reaserch designs

Answer 8

case study
case series
time series
survey
cross sectional

Question 9

case study

Answer 9

a descriptive study that follows a group of patients who have similar diagnosis or who are undergo the same procedure over a certain period of time-
- describe novel treatments
- typically cannot generalize the results and lack rigorous study design

Question 10

do thermal 3 MHz ultrasound and joint mobilization increase ROM in the wrist in patients with decreased ROM due to trauma?

Answer 10

case study

Question 11

time series

Answer 11

the observation of a participant or a group of participants over multiple time instances, and measurements are compared with prior time instances that are of interest to you
- each participant or sample serves as their own control and the outcome is repeatedly measured during one or more baseline and treatment period
- examine trends and fluctuations within the course of treatment or intervention

Question 12

are patients with low back pain more vulnerable to quadriceps inhibition after isometric, fatiguing lumbar extension exercises than healthy patients over time

Answer 12

time series (single- subject design)

Question 13

survey

Answer 13

very common
survey tool must be validated and found to be reliable
relatively easy and inexpensive way to collect data

Question 14

cross- sectional

Answer 14

snapshot in time
help determine the prevalence of a condition or the total number of cases of a condition in a given population at a specific point in time
- cannot be used to draw relationship between variables

Question 15

does knowledge, sex, or institutional level of athletic trainers affect reported incidence of MRSA?

Answer 15

cross sectional

Question 16

evaluative studies

Answer 16

used to determine the existence and strength of a possible association between intervention and an outcome
- associated with high levels of evidence due to the rigor of the research design

Question 17

observational studies

Answer 17

used to determine the incidence (# of new cases within a defined time period) and natural history of a condition and can be prospective or retrospective

Question 18

case- control

Answer 18

participants are chosen based on the condition to the studies, participants must have the condition
- the aim is to identify predictors of an outcome through examination of exposure that ma have been contributed to one group developing the condition while the control group does not

Question 19

experimental studies

Answer 19

randomized
non-randomized

Question 20

randomized

Answer 20

-considered to be one of the most robust type of research
randomization of participants into predetermined groups- reduce bias within the study design and outcome
limitation is withholding treatment form the control group, may not be feasible in the clinical setting

Question 21

non randomized

Answer 21

quasi - experimental design. no randomization while placing participants into groups
considered to be less rigorous due to lack of randomization
can more easily be completed in the clinical setting

Question 22

quantitative studies

Answer 22

the research strategy that focuses on quantifying the collection and analysis of data. it is formed from a deductive approach where emphasis is placed on the testing of theory

Question 23

complication studues

Answer 23

-systematic review
narratives of the critical evaluation of the research question through and exhaustive search of the evidence and involves an appraisal and synthesis of the selected evidence
1. define question
2. search literature
3. assess studies
4. combine results
5. place findings in context of clinical questions
- meta- analysis

Question 24

variables

Answer 24

independent and dependent variable

Question 25

research question

Question 26

specific aims

Question 27

research hypotheses (directional and non- directional)

Answer 27

the type of alternative hypothesis, directional or nondirectional, makes a considerable difference in the type of significant test that is run. A nondirectional hypothesis is used when a two-tailed test of significance is run, and a directional hypothesis when a one-tailed test of significance is run

Question 28

null hypothesis

Answer 28

the hypothesis that there is no significant difference between specified populations, any observed difference being due to sampling or experimental error

Question 29

AMA format

Question 30

prosepctive vs retorspective

Answer 30

prospective - type of longitudinal study where researchers will follow and observe a group of subjects over a period of time to gather information and record the development of outcomes
retrospective - (historical) the researcher looks at historical data for a group

Question 31

epidemiology studies

Answer 31

is the study (scientific, systematic, and data-driven) of the distribution (frequency, pattern) and determinants (case, risk factors) of health-related states and events (not just diseases) in specified populations (neighborhood, school, city, state, country)

Question 32

types of sampling

Answer 32

random
convenience
purposeful
snowball

Question 33

inclusion and exclusion criteria

Answer 33

inclusion - identify the study population in a consistent, reliable, uniform, and objective manner
exclusion - factors that would make the study ineligible to be included

Question 34

3 components

Answer 34

1. clinical expertise
2. patient values and preferences
3. best available research

Question 35

intervention/ therapy question

Answer 35

questions about the effectiveness of interventions in improving outcomes in sick patients/ patients suffering from a condition.
- most frequently asked
randomized controlled trail

Question 36

prevention questions

Answer 36

questions about the effectiveness of an intervention or exposure in preventing morbidity and mortality
- RCT or prospective study

Question 37

diagnosis questions

Answer 37

questions about the ability of a test or procedure to differentiate between those with and without a condition or disease
- RCT or cohort study

Question 38

prognosis questions

Answer 38

questions about the probable cause of a pateint’s disease or the likelihood that he or she will develop an illness
- cohort study and case control series

Question 39

etiology questions

Answer 39

questions about the harmful effect of an intervention or exposure on a patient

Question 40

meaning questions

Answer 40

questions about patient’s experiences and concerns
- qualitative study