Exam 1 (Entomology) Flashcards
(96 cards)
1
Q
Survives extreme cold conditions
A
Overwintering
2
Q
Survives extreme heat/dryness conditions
A
Aestivation
3
Q
Mites and spiders; 1 (mites) or 2 (spiders) body regions, 8 legs, lack wings and antennae
A
Class Arachnida
4
Q
Insects; 3 body regions, 6 legs, antennae, wings, exoskeleton, symmetrical
A
Class Hexapoda
5
Q
egg, larva, pupa, and adult
A
Complete metamorphosis (holometabolous)
6
Q
egg, nymph, adult
A
Gradual/Incomplete metamorphosis (hemimetabolous)
7
Q
Moulted exoskeleton
A
Exuviae
8
Q
The form of nymph and larva between moulting stages
A
Instar
9
Q
Mix of feces and sawdust/leaf particles expelled by feeding insects
A
Frass
10
Q
1st instar of scale insects and white flies
A
Crawler
11
Q
Mites
A
Acari-
12
Q
Spiders
A
Araneace-
13
Q
Wasps and bees
A
Hymenoptera
14
Q
Beetles
A
Coleoptera
15
Q
Moths and butterflies
A
Lepidoptera
16
Q
Grasshoppers
A
Orthoptera
17
Q
True flies
A
Diptera
18
Q
Feeding, sensory, brain
A
Head
19
Q
Wings and legs (movement)
A
Thorax
20
Q
Digestion, reproduction, excretion
A
Abdomen
21
Q
Dorsal surface of the prothorax which in some insect shields the head
A
Pronotum
22
Q
Small triangle plate behind the pronotum and between the forewing bases
A
Scutellum
23
Q
When the veins have hardened in the wings to give structure
A
Sclerotized
24
Q
Stunted wing (on true flies)
A
Halteres
25
Abdominal legs
Prolegs
26
Praying mantis type front legs for catching prey
Raptorial
27
Long and thin legs made for running fast
Cursorial
28
Chunky legs for digging
Fossorial
29
Jumping hind legs like grasshoppers
Saltitorial
30
Hook/clawing legs to hold onto things (lice)
Grasping
31
2 eyes, detect UV, perception of movement
Compound eyes
32
3 simple eyes in a triangle pattern; enhance light detection
Ocelli
33
Usually on larvae; simple eyes on head; caterpillars
Stemmata
34
Labrum, mandible, maxilla, labium
Mouthparts
35
Many houseflies that sponge up food
Sponging
36
Feeding method for honeybees and bumblebees
Chewing and Lapping
37
Adult butterflies and moths; sucks up nectar to feed
Siphoning
38
Open body cavity in which blood flows and bathes tissues and organs
Hemocoel
39
Blood in insects
Hemolymph
40
Heart-like structure
Dorsal vessel
41
Allow hemolymph to enter and exist a certain part of the body
Ostia
42
Openings on the outside of the body that let air into the tracheal system
Spiracles
43
Air-filled tubes branch throughout the body
Trachea
44
Hormone that controls moulting
Ecdysone
45
Hormone that regulates the making of ecdysone
Juvenile hormone
46
Whole stage of metamorphosis (egg-->adult)
Life cycle
47
How long it takes the life cycle to complete
Generation time
48
Protective body covering that reduces water loss, has pores, joints between plates, reflect light, and release pheromones
Exoskeleton
49
organism that causes economic or aesthetically significant harm/damage to a crop or landscape
Pest
50
prior to 1939
Insecticide Era
51
1939-1962
insecticide era
52
decision making process where you're selecting, integrating, and implementing pest control strategies that're based on economic, ecological, and sociological consequences
IPM
53
order of control tactics to use
cultural --> mechanical/physical --> genetic --> biological --> chemical
54
the point where most insecticides don't work anymore - insects can still do damage even when insecticides are added
insect resistance
55
when chemicals are integrated into bodies of consumers and moves up the food chain
biomagnification
56
when target pest populations that has been suppressed using pest control measures rebounds worse than before
primary pest resurgence
57
when a target pest is suppressed and minor pest is able to grow quickly because they have no more competition
secondary pest outbreaks
58
closely associated with people; an ecological consequence
sociological consequenecs
59
components of an IPM program
1. develop an IPM policy, 2. designate pest management roles, 3. establish IPM objectives, 4. develop a knowledge base, 5. monitoring protocols, 6. decision making guidelines, 7. control tactics, 8. evaluating an IPM program
60
document that demonstrates that commitment of the company; guide for the development of the IPM program
1. developing an IPM program
61
identifying the roles of staff within the program; communication techniques; education and training
2. designate pest management roles
62
identify needs and expectations of clientele while being mindful of the budget; plant quality, management practices, being realistic
3. establish IPM objectives
63
key pests, key plants, key locations, plant inventory; site history; lots of research; record keeping
4. develop a knowledge base
64
pest species that cause the most damage and require control tactics most frequently; should know life cycle and biology
key pests
65
plant genera that are the most suceptible
key plants
66
sites in landscapes where problems arise; where people notice problems the most; more management required
key locations
67
regular inspections of the managed system for insects, weeds, disease, and environmental factors; identify damage, pests, and beneficials
5. monitoring protocol
68
mean # of insects / sampling unit
pest density
69
a measure of the relative warmth that accumulates each day; estimated amount of cumulative insect development that occurs over a year; amount of development that occurs in 1 day when the temp is 1 degree over the threshold (50 degrees)
growing degree days (GDD)
70
cyclical and seasonal biological events related to climate - flowering and insect emergence - temperature dependent; better for visual cues in the spring; pest predictive calendar database
plant phenological indicators (PPI)
71
how many pests cause how much damage? how do you decide when to take action?
6. decision making guidelines
72
what's affecting the quality or vitality of the plant
damage
73
lowest pest population level that will cause economic damage (calculation equation); amount of injury that will justify the cost of control
economic injury level (EIL)
74
lowest pest population that causes aesthetic damage, protect appearance (no equations); based on expert opinion; amount of injury that with justify the cost of control
aesthetic injury level (AIL)
75
pest density at which control measures should be applied to counteract the damage; should be BELOW EIL or AIL; depends on the pest and the plant and location
action/economic threshold
76
measures taken to control pests in a landscape
7. control tactics
77
economic efficacy, environmental sustainability, and sociological ability
8. evaluating an IPM program
78
preclude a pest population from reaching a damaging level - implemented before; depends on economic/ecological cost, certainty of damage, and short time window for damage to occur
preventative control tactics
79
remedy for pest population control when there's an outbreak
curative control tactics
80
plant care, landscape design, and sanitation that can prevent outbreaks; biodiversity and landscape complexity; water management, fertilization, mulching, pruning, plant installation, and plant thinning
cultural controls
81
remove pest or exclude them, make the area inhabitable; need to do comparison for laborious work
mechanical/physical controls
82
plants that have resistance to pests; choosing to put these in the landscape is a cultural control, but breeding is this type of control; sterile male release control; genetically modified biocontrol agents
genetic controls
83
make sure non-native species never get to the U.S. in the first place; wood borers often come on shipping palates; prevent exotic pest species and eradicate populations quickly; stop at port of departure and arrival; quarantine and inspections
regulatory controls
84
the use of pathogens, predators, and parasitoids to suppress pest populations (natural enemies0
biological controls
85
feeds on only one type/taxa or prey/host
specialist
86
feed on many different types of prey/host
generalist
87
bacteria, viruses, fungi, and nematodes that cause disease in insects - entomopathogenic; normally slow acting; compatible with predators and parasitoids
pathogens
88
small insects that slowly kill and consumes a host/larger insect; develop on/in host
parasitoids
89
feeds and develops inside the host
endoparasitoids
90
lay their eggs and develop outside the host - feed thru cuticle
ectoparasitoids
91
generally large, active, and eat many prey that're the same size or smaller
predators
92
when the ecosystem benefits humans
ecosystem services
93
establishment of a species of a natural enemy from original home of the invasive pest and introduced to control invasive pest
classical/importation
94
attempts to maintain species of beneficial organisms; enhancement of their habitat to promote survival and/or avoid doing things to harm natural enemies
conservation
95
when existing natural enemy populations are low/absent, additional predators/parasitoids may be purchased and released; great for greenhouses
augmentation
96
pathogens/entomopathogenic nematodes may be formulated into a commercial product that's applied in a method similar to conventional pesticides
formulation
