Exam 1: Epidemiology

Question 1

What is the incidence of oral cancer?

Answer 1

Number of new cases in a given time period

Question 2

What is the prevalence of oral cancer?

Answer 2

Number of total cases at a given time

Question 3

What is morbidity?

Answer 3

People diagnosed and living with oral cancer

Question 4

What is mortality?

Answer 4

People whose cause of death is directly or indirectly from oral cancer

Question 5

What was the estimated number of new cases of oral cancer in the US in 2022?

Answer 5

54,010

Question 6

What percentage of all new cancer cases in the US in 2022 were oral cancer?

Answer 6

2.9%

Question 7

What was the estimated number of deaths in the US in 2022?

Answer 7

10,850

Question 8

Oral cancer makes up ____% of all cancer deaths in the US

Answer 8

1.8%

Question 9

What is the lifetime risk of developing oral cancer as of 2022?

Answer 9

1.2% will be diagnosed with oral cavity or pharyngeal cancer at some point during their lifetime

Question 10

What is the prevalence of oral cancer in the US in 2022?

Answer 10

396,937

Question 11

What is the percent of survival for patients diagnosed with oral cancer after 5 years?

Answer 11

66.9%

Question 12

What is survival of oral cancer closely associated with?

Answer 12

Early detection

Question 13

What age range is most frequently diagnosed with oral cancer?

Answer 13

55-64 years old

Question 14

What is the median age of getting diagnosed with oral cancer?

Answer 14

64

Question 15

What demographic group has the highest incidence rate with oral cancer?

Answer 15

White males

Question 16

What age group has the highest mortality when diagnosed with oral cancer?

Answer 16

65-74 year olds

Question 17

What is the median age of death from oral cancer?

Answer 17

68 years old

Question 18

What demographic group has the highest mortality rate from oral cancer?

Answer 18

Black males

Question 19

What demographic group has the highest number of deaths from oral cancer overall?

Answer 19

White males

Question 20

How are the oral cancer rates in Nevada? (incidence)

Answer 20

Stabilized, 0% change (no longer rising)

Question 21

How are the cancer mortality rates in Nevada?

Answer 21

Declining (-0.7%)

Question 22

What demographic group is seeing the most rapid decline in oral cancer?

Answer 22

Females

Question 23

What is the difference between odds ratio and relative risk?

Answer 23

Odds ratio is within the group and relative risk compares to another group

Question 24

What is the relative risk for male cigarette smokers to develop oral cancer?

Answer 24

28 (approximately 30)

Question 25

What is the relative risk for female cigarette smokers to develop oral cancer?

Answer 25

6.0

Question 26

What is the odds ratio for males with an exposure to develop oral cancer?

Answer 26

38 (approximately 40)

Question 27

What is the odds ratio for females with an exposure to develop oral cancer?

Answer 27

6

Question 28

What is the relative risk for males to develop cancer in the exposed group vs the non-exposed group?

Answer 28

28:1

Question 29

What is the relative risk for females to develop cancer in the exposed group vs the non-exposed group?

Answer 29

6:1

Question 30

What is the odds ratio for an individual with exposure developing oral cancer?

Answer 30

Males: 38 Females: 6

Question 31

What is a low consumption of fruits and vegetables tied to?

Answer 31

Increased risk of oral (and other) cancers

Question 32

What is an increased consumption of fruits and vegetables tied to?

Answer 32

- Decreased risk of oral (and other) cancers - True regardless of smoking status