1. Mr. Delos Reyes is having bereavement counseling after his wife died two weeks ago. 2. Melissa has fever during afternoons. 3. Dr. Climaco is explaining to the family the benefits of hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis. 4. The Rivera family has coped with the death of their father. 5. Lilia had sudden onset of right lower quadrant pain and was immediately brought to the hospital 7. Angel recently had a below the knee amputation 8. Mr. Urio was angry at the doctor because they did not disclose the diagnosis earlier 9. Rogelio joined an alcoholic support group after rehabilitation. 10. Clarissa is deciding whether to have chemotherapy or not. a. Onset of illness b. Reaction to diagnosis c. Major therapeutic efforts d. Early adjustment to outcome e. Adjustment to the permanency of outcome

1. E; 2. A; 3. C; 4. E; 5. A; 7. C; 8. B; 9. E; 10. C

Exam 1 Family Medicine and COME Flashcards by Patrick Eustaquio

The biopsychosocial model:
A. Every unit is a whole and a part at the same time.
B. An individual is the highest form of organism but is the lowest from of social being.
C. Every system acts/interacts with its environment
D. A, B and C are true
E. Only A and B are true

D. A, B and C are true

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The BPS model of health and disease:
A. The state of illness is a dynamic state
B. Illness is caused by interaction of several factors
C. The person is best understood as composed of separate entities: body and mind
D. A, B and C are true
E. Only A and B are true

E. Only A and B are true

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The BPS Model in mental health and illness:
A. Human personality is formed by the interaction of biological factors with the environment and social factors.
B. Human personality is solely biologically determined
C. Psychopathology originates from the psychological aspects of a person’s behavior
D. A, B and C are true
E. Only A and B are true

A. Human personality is formed by the interaction of biological factors with the environment and social factors.

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clinical implications of the BPS model of mental health and illness.
A. Stress always come directly from within an individual
B. To bring about change in a person’s behavior, one must address combination of biological, psychological and social factors
C. All clinical interventions must be patient centered
D. A, B and C are true
E. Only A and B are true

B. To bring about change in a person’s behavior, one must address combination of biological, psychological and social factors

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Among the biological, psychological and social factors that cause mental illness
A. Biological factors are the most basic
B. Psychosocial factors have priority
C. The person’s psychosocial needs should be addressed first
D. A, B and C are true
E. Only A and B are true

A. Biological factors are the most basic

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The theoretical premises of the BPS model have evolved into the following clinical hypothesis
A. The patient’s problems may be caused by multiple etiologies
B. A patient may be predisposed to developing mental illness by a combination of biological, psychological and social factors
C. The multimodal approach to interventions is preferred to a single treatment modality
D. A, B and C are true
E. Only A and B are true

D. A, B and C are true

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The BPS model is illustrated in depression:
A. The risk factors are a combination of BPS factors.
B. Management is purely psychotherapy
C. A and B are true

A. The risk factors are a combination of BPS factors.

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The BPS model of depression:
A. Management is a combination of pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy
B. Educating the family about the causes of depression is important
C. Social factors like family dysfunction are not critical in the causation
D. Only A and B are true

D. Only A and B are true

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25.	The BPS model of psychopathology:
A.	Applies to schizophrenia
B.	Applies to depression
C.	Applies to personality disorders
D.	A, B and C are true
E.	Only A and B are true

D. A, B and C are true

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Refers to the spread of infection through the environment

Transmission Process

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Provides a suitable place for an infectious agent to grow and multiply

Host

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Promoting or maintaining health or averting illness

Prevention

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Management of disease to minimize disability

Tertiary Prevention

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Discuss problems regularly with someone with a listening ear

Guidelines for Mental Health

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Mr. Delos Reyes is having bereavement counseling after his wife died two weeks ago.
Melissa has fever during afternoons.
Dr. Climaco is explaining to the family the benefits of hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis.
The Rivera family has coped with the death of their father.
Lilia had sudden onset of right lower quadrant pain and was immediately brought to the hospital
Angel recently had a below the knee amputation
Mr. Urio was angry at the doctor because they did not disclose the diagnosis earlier
Rogelio joined an alcoholic support group after rehabilitation.
Clarissa is deciding whether to have chemotherapy or not.
a. Onset of illness
b. Reaction to diagnosis
c. Major therapeutic efforts
d. Early adjustment to outcome
e. Adjustment to the permanency of outcome

E; 2. A; 3. C; 4. E; 5. A; 7. C; 8. B; 9. E; 10. C

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Health students were asked to make a community-based health program. Which of the following groups truly practiced COPAR?
a. One group met with the BHWs and other community members. They held FGDs to determine the problems of the community. The data from the FGDs were processed and analyzed by the students and then they presented it to the community.
b. One group used a questionnaire from a famous international public health organization. They asked the BHWs how to disseminate the questionnaires. The BHWs agreed to help. The data they gathered were analyzed by the students and the BHWs. The results were then presented to the community.
c. One group gathered the community and BHWs. They were asked to picture a healthy community in their minds. They determined the problems in their community. They also prioritized what problems what problems to address first. They discussed the things that would hinder them from achieving that picture. They discussed what the community should do to solve their problems. The results of the study were used to improve the community.
d. One group determined the number one mortality cause in their community. They found out it was Hypertension. They held a survey regarding the lifestyle of the hypertensive people. The results were used to make an anti-HPN campaign.

c. One group gathered the community and BHWs. They were asked to picture a healthy community in their minds. They determined the problems in their community. They also prioritized what problems what problems to address first. They discussed the things that would hinder them from achieving that picture. They discussed what the community should do to solve their problems. The results of the study were used to improve the community.

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Why did COPAR come about?
a. Pressure from communities for results to be timely
b.
c. pressure from government for a more innovative method for data collection
d. growing trend for rejection of traditional method

d. growing trend for rejection of traditional method

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What is the definition of SCOAP?

Subjective, Objective, Context, Assessment, Plan

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What is the definition SCREEM?

Social, Cultural, Religion, Education, Economic, Medical

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What are the components of APGAR?

Adaptation, Partnership, Growth, Affection, Resolve

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Limit coffee intake 2-3 cups a day

Guidance for Diet

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Action taken to avert the occurrence of disease

Prevention

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Breastfeeding as a method of getting infectious agent

Direct Transmission

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Refers to vehicle borne, vector borne, airborne

Indirect Transmission

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7. Number of organisms which cause disease in humans

Agent

8. To walk briskly for 30 minutes a day 3x a week

Guidance for Lifestyle

9. Listen to motivational techniques

Guidelines for Behavioral Modification

10. Refers to any entry and development and multiplication of an infectious agent in the host

Infection

12. Promoting and maintaining health or averting illness

Primary Prevention

13. Refers to the spread of an infectious agent through the environment

Transmission Process

14. Applied to measures for the detection of disease at an early stage

Secondary Prevention

1. Which of the following statements is TRUE of primary prevention of tuberculosis? A. Health education regarding adverse reactions to anti-tuberculosis drugs B. Pedro should be tested with purified protein derivative (PPD) C. Delia should undergo Pap’s smear and breast examinationannually D. Encourage Pedro to avoid smoking and take on regular exercise

D. Encourage Pedro to avoid smoking and take on regular exercise

2. Which of the following is true regarding secondary prevention for Pedro? A. He should have annual BP, weight and height determination B. He should ensure completion of the prescribed treatment regimen C. He should take Vitamin B complex to prevent neuropathy from INH D. He should drink lots of water, vegetable and regular exercise

B. He should ensure completion of the prescribed treatment regimen

3. Which of the following is not true of tertiary prevention for Pedro? A. Coordinate his care with a pulmonologist and physiotherapist B. Referral to rehabilitation medicine for physical therapy C. Conduct community meeting regarding people education on TB D. Counseling on the pros and cons for compliance on anti-TB treatment

A. Coordinate his care with a pulmonologist and physiotherapist

4. Which of the following strategies is descriptive of primary prevention of TB for the family of Pedro? A. Screen each family member for tuberculosis annually B. Encourage regular exercise appropriate to age and healthy foods C. Health education on the mode of transmission of TB D. Give chemoprophylaxis like multivitamins an d minerals

C. Health education on the mode of transmission of TB

5. Which of the following is an effective secondary prevention strategy for TB? A. Conduct nationwide mass screening for TB. B. Implement treatment guidelines for TB C. Encourage multidisciplinary and coordinated care for TB D. Prompt diagnosis and early treatment for TB cases

D. Prompt diagnosis and early treatment for TB cases

1. Choose the statement that best defines the community diagnosis A. It is a method of analyzing the health status of a community. B. It is a process by which the main problems and resources of a community are determined and prioritized for the purposes of improving the prevailing status of the community C. It is a process y which the diseases in the community are determined and prioritized for the purpose of disease control. D. It is a method of compiling and analyzing comprehensive primary and secondary health data relevant to a community for the purpose of instituting technological interventions.

B. It is a process by which the main problems and resources of a community are determined and prioritized for the purposes of improving the prevailing status of the community

2. What is the most important issue that differentiates traditional fro participatory research? A. The academic background of the researcher B. The control over the process of the production of the knowledge, its storage and its use C. The acceptability of the research results to the academic community D. The use of scientific methods.

B. The control over the process of the production of the knowledge, its storage and its use

3. The traditional researcher’s role usually requires objectivity and neutrality, while the role of the participatory research facilitator requires A. A commitment to the special development of the group he/she is serving, and thus may never be value free. B. The same objectivity and neutrality required of the traditional researcher. C. The skills of quick decision-making for the people in order to shorten the otherwise long process of participatory research D. Good writing skills to be able to document the research for the people

A. A commitment to the special development of the group he/she is serving, and thus may never be value free.

4. Which among the following statements describes a disadvantage of the participatory method of doing research? A. The participatory process takes a long time and is difficult to do. B. It is not clear who will benefit from the results. C. It is done by non-academic personnel. D. It is expensive.

A. The participatory process takes a long time and is difficult to do.

1. Which among the following statements describes an advantage of participatory research? A. It does not require the virtues of patience and perseverance among the process facilitators. B. Participatory research can be carried out in societies. C. Participatory research leads to the community empowerment and organization community researchers. D. It is always presented in a written document for better dissemination and use.

C. Participatory research leads to the community empowerment and organization community researchers

Patient complained of vaginal discharge. FSB Test was done. What kind of approach?

Biomedical Approach

Ayaw niya magpainsulin dahil may kapamilya/kakilala siyang may DM at ininsulin din pero namantay pa rin.

Ethnomedical Cultural Model

She insisted not to use insulin treatment instead ate ampalaya salad everyday

Holistic model

She blames her boyfriend for her broken heart and eats a lot to compensate

Biobehavioral

her daily schedule of sitting in front of a deck from 8 am to 5 pm and buying food from a nearby fastfood contributed to her obesity and most likely to her DM.

Biobehavioral (?)

``` Celso Castro is a 52-yr old businessman. He was diagnosed to have hypertension 15 years ago and is under medications. His eldest son Carlo, 28, is getting married next month and about to have a baby 4 months from now. His wife Magda and children Maniyln 23, Carla 19 & Claude, 14 are very happy about this. A week ago, while playing golf with his friends, he suffered from stroke. In what family lifecycle stage is Celso's family in? A. with young children B. with young adults C. launching family D. Later life ```

B. with young adults

``` Celso was already evaluated and has started therapy to restore motor power. You already consider sending him home. What stage of illness trajectory is this? A. Major therapeutic effort B. onset of illness - diagnosis C. adjustment to early outcome D. Adjustment to permanence of outcome ```

C. adjustment to early outcome

Responsibilities of Family Physician

1. Deal with immediate effects of trauma 2. Alleviate anxiety, assure adequate rest 3. Psychological support through understanding and repeated reassurance 4. Explore level of understanding if "still ill" or "well again"

True about impact of onset of illness A. effect is greater if debilitating chronic B. more stressful if early diagnosis C. burden on family greater for acute illness D. limited ability of family to handle stress for chronic

A. Effect is greater if debilitating chronic

``` 12. What is the most vital factor in this illness trajectory stage? A. Medical outcome B. Economic Impact C. Explanatory model and its affective D. behavioral aspect ```

C. Explanatory model and its affective Important in Stage 1 is addressing the fears and acknowledging patient’s understanding of the disease. Also to address conflicts between beliefs regarding the disease.

``` After convincing Elena that all she has is a viral infection, what are the things you will consider to break the news? A. Economic status B. Psychological state C. Partnership with parents D. All of the above ```

B. Psychological state | Amount of information given after diagnosis is based on the level of anxiety and comprehension of the patient.

After one week, the patient has recovered from her illness, what are your responsibilities as a doctor at this point. A. educate her on the nature of the illness B. Assist in resumption of roles and obligations C. explore explanatory model D. AOTA

B. Assist in resumption of roles and obligations | Period of sick role to form of recovery or adaptation, with corresponding adjustment of relations within family.

``` Which of the ff. could a patient lose due to an illness? A. Activities B. Self-esteem C. Sense of invincibility D. AOTA ```

D. AOTA

``` Inspection of genogram yields the ff data A. life cycle stage B. possible trauma C. possible family role D. AOTA ```

D. AOTA

Community diagnosis is a process involving... A. researches published in major journals B. purposeful collection of all information about community targeted for study C. involves survey forms only D. Are done only by doctors

B. purposeful collection of all information about community targeted for study

``` The following are evaluated by the family APGAR A. resources B. partnership C. aptitude D. generosity ```

B. partnership

``` Family stages primarily centripetal in nature? A. with young children B. with adolescents C. newly married D. launching ```

A. with young children

The family member who plays 'symptom carrier’ A. is actually trying to unconsciously stabilize the family B. is being triangulated by those in conflict C. is also known as the identified patient D. AOTA

D. AOTA

Health objectives consistent with the social determinants of health A. reduce maternal mortality, malnutrition, etc. B. oral rehydration salts promote breast feeding C. promote job security, etc. D. vaccinations

``` C. promote job security, etc. • Employment or lack of employment • Housing • Food security • Education or lack of it • Living conditions- sanitation, safe water ```

Erick Reinert explanation why rich countries remain rich and why poor countries remain poor? A. rich countries have industrialized their country through globalization and neoliberalization B. C. D. rich country industrialized poor country remain agricultural

D. rich country industrialized poor country remain agricultural • Countries that industrialized became rich • Countries that remained agricultural remained poor • Countries developed by government intervention by protecting their industries • These countries did not practice free trade

``` The decrease in the prevalence of TB in the UK is due to: A. Streptocyclin + BCG values B. Rise in innoculation C. Higher standard of living D. DOTS ```

C. Higher standard of living

37. Health financing in 2005: A. significant government subsidy, low out of pocket and health insurance contribution B. equal government, out of pocket, and health insurance contribution C. significant out of pocket contribution, slowly increasing health insurance and low government contribution

The share of health expenditure from private sources has increased over the years. The share of health expenditure from social insurance has shown little increase over the years. The share of health expenditure from the government has increased from 1991 to 2000, but has since declined in 2002.

Quiapo medical center demonstrates the following except A. The varied available health care speaks of the varied filipino definition of health and well-being B. that more filipino females engage in abortion, contrary to the common beliefs that filipinas are conservative, and strictly adhere to their religious belief C. wrong belief/stupidity of filipinos D. doctors must understand the different psychiatric beliefs of filipinos in order to be a culturally competent doctor e. improper use and commercialization of drugs

C. wrong belief/stupidity of filipinos

Which of the following is the advantage of participatory research?

It leads to the empowerment and organization of community researchers

A. Disease, B. Illness 1. What is the reason for the consult? 2. Where does it hurt? 3. Why did you consult just now? Was there anything new that happened? 4. How does your family feel about it? 5. What has happened to you since you had this condition? 6. What medications have you taken for the symptoms? 7. What did the first doctor you had consulted from say? 8. What are you most afraid of? 9. When did you first notice the symptoms? 10. What are your ideas on why this happened to you?

1. B; 2. A; 3. B; 4. B; 5. B; 6. A; 7. A; 8. B; 9. A; 10. B Disease = pathophysiological phenomenon evaluated by signs and symptoms; presence of an objectivity which doctors are able to see, touch, smell, measure; symptom-centered Illness = subjective interpretations of the meaning of symptoms; considers feelings, ideas, function, expectations

40y.o. father beginning to form small plaques in coronary arteries but asymptomatic A. Healthy individual B. Biologic Onset C. Symptomatic / Clinical Onset D. Outcome: cure, death, chronic stage, disability

B. Biologic Onset

12y.o. boy with cerebral palsy diagnosed at 1 year of age A. Healthy individual B. Biologic Onset C. Symptomatic / Clinical Onset D. Outcome: cure, death, chronic stage, disability

C. Symptomatic / Clinical Onset

50y.o. woman with blurred vision diagnosed with cataracts due to diabetes A. Healthy individual B. Biologic Onset C. Symptomatic / Clinical Onset D. Outcome: cure, death, chronic stage, disability

D. Outcome: cure, death, chronic stage, disability

A 40y.o. father with high cholesterol diet and sedentary lifestyle is advised healthy diet and exercise by the family physician A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention

A. Primary prevention

6 month old baby getting immunization for 6 month “well baby prevention” A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention

A. Primary prevention

75y.o. grandfather with terminal colon cancer receives analgesics, anti-emetics and supportive counseling through palliative and hospice care team in PGH A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention

C. Tertiary prevention

12y.o. kid diagnosed with cerebral palsy at 1y.o. undergoing physical therapy A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention

C. Tertiary prevention

50y.o. woman who has just been diagnosed with diabetes is prescribed a special diet by her family physician A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention

B. Secondary prevention

The impact of the illness in relation to the family life cycle provides a predictable sequence of events in the family life with which the family physician can relate to the changes, assess family function and address pathology if there is A. true B. false

A. true

All families have dysfunction and severe illness will result to pronounce and irreversible dysfunction. A. true B. false

A. true

What is true about COPAR? A. Health experts propose the problem of the community. B. It is done using surveys. C. Data are gathered regarding the community and programs are devised accordingly. D. The needs, social factors, and resources are taken into consideration for programs for community empowerment.

D. The needs, social factors, and resources are taken into consideration for programs for community empowerment.

Though participatory action research is not widely accepted, it is recommended because: A. It allows the community to eventually take over the management of developmental programs in the future. B. It allows the community to be trained to do scientific research. C. It is less time-consuming to do than traditional research. D. It is easy to do and is largely scientific in nature.

A. It allows the community to eventually take over the management of developmental programs in the future.

In traditional research, the researcher is the main actor, while in participatory research, the researcher is A. the leader and manager of the research B. passive observer in the research C. a facilitator in the research process and community organization D. a lecturer in the process of research

C. a facilitator in the research process and community organization

Which of the following statements is an advantage of participatory research? A. There is less mental output and physical output from the external researcher. B. Participatory research is easily replicable and can be carried out in all communities. C. Easy to document and disseminate so other development workers may learn from experience. D. Participatory research leads to empowerment and organization of community people.

D. Participatory research leads to empowerment and organization of community people.

``` WHO acknowledges that health is not merely absence of disease. The following belongs to the WHO framework, except: A. faith and prayer healing B. socialization C. education D. none of the above is an exemption ```

D. none of the above is an exemption

The following are true regarding the financial issues in health services except: A. Traditional healers and government health services are free of charge. B. Private clinics and hospitals have different charges depending on the ability of the patient to pay. Laboratory exams, room charges are more expensive as the daily room rate increases. C. PGH is a government hospital, thus, health service is subsidized from the taxes people pay. D. Despite the advent of PhilHealth and private medical insurance, majority of the Filipinos pay out-of-pocket. E. None of the above is an exemption.

B. Private clinics and hospitals have different charges depending on the ability of the patient to pay. Laboratory exams, room charges are more expensive as the daily room rate increases.

``` How far in meters should a toilet be from a primary water source for the latter not to be infected? A. 10 B. 25 C. 30 D. 50 ```

D. 50

___ 1. Measure of severity ___ 2. Ability to produce disease ___ 3. Natural habitat ___ 4. Ability to invade ___ 5. Person or object from which the host acquires the agent A. Virulence; B. Infectivity; C. Reservoir; D. Pathogenicity; E. Source; F. Host; G. Transmission; E. Immunization

A, D, C, B, E

Ang hepatoma ni Roberta ay nakuha niya mula sa asawa niya na merong hepatitis. Ang hepatoma ay maaaring pagsimulan ng hepatitis. Hindi naman nasabi kay Roberta na pwede mangyari ito.

Biomedical

Ang mga lalaking maraming kapareha ay sadyang naghahanap ng mga sakit tulad ng syphilis.

Biobehavioral

Hindi naman dahil sa kapabayaan ang diabetes. Mana-mana yan diba?

Ethnomedical-cultural

Kailangan balutan ng kumot ang batang may lagnat para lumabas ang init

Ethnomedical-cultural

A 24 year old son developed myelogenous leukemia and died. What type of event is this? A. An out-of-phase illness in a centripetal stage B. An out-of-phase illness in a centrifugal stage C. A centrifugal event in a centripetal stage D. A centrifugal event in a centrifugal stage

B. An out-of-phase illness in a centrifugal stage

``` APGAR has A. Good specificity but poor sensitivity B. Poor specificity but good sensitivity C. Good specificity and good sensitivity D. Poor specificity and poor sensitivity ```

A. Good specificity but poor sensitivity

The family’s reaction to illness and death occurs in the following order: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance A. True B. False C. Neither

B. False

Rudolf Virchow is considered a proponent of the social determinants of health mainly because: A. Aside from being a doctor, pathologist & biologist, he also founded the discipline of anthropology B. He was first to describe thromboembolism C. He was first to determine the cause of leukemia D. His precscription for cure of epidemics are prosperity, liberty & education

D. His precscription for cure of epidemics are prosperity, liberty & education

61. Economic growth during GMA’s administration was characterized by A. The economy grew by 4.5%m which had a significant impact on the poor B. There was a decrease in the number of those living on $1 a day, greater than that of Vietnam C. Decrease in the growth of the agricultural sector, increase in the industries and service sector D. Decrease in the growth of the agricultural and industries sector, increase in the service sector

D. Decrease in the growth of the agricultural and industries sector, increase in the service sector

63. PNoy's Philippine Development Plan: A. Elucidate a clear plan for national industrialization and inclusive growth B. Consists of infrastructure, transparency, mining, tourism, public private partnerships C. Provide an alternate plan for asset reform, modernized agriculture and national growth D. Consists of no wang-wang, eating hotdogs in America and forcing Mercy Gutierrez to resign

B. Consists of infrastructure, transparency, mining, tourism, public private partnerships

Government should ensure all communities should have the following basic health services in local health centers like the one you visited except A. EPI (immunization) B. pre and post-natal care C. aesthetic surgery D. treatment of common illness and procurement of essential medicine

C. aesthetic surgery

25. Awareness, education and growth are emphasized in the treatment model of illness and wellness spectrum A. True B. False

B. False

8. The family is A. Functional and was able to cope with the crisis B. Dysfunctional made even more dysfunctional due to illness C. Dysfunctional and stuck at the launching stage D. Dysfunctional and posed with the threat of fatal illness with exacerbations

B. Dysfunctional made even more dysfunctional due to illness

27. Family’s reaction to illness follows DABDA A. True B. False

B. False

``` Mild reactions as to escape clinical detection A. No infection B. Inapparent C. Subclinical D. Clinical ```

C. Subclinical

``` Physician prescribes medication control diabetes and hypertension A. Primary prevention B. Secondary prevention C. Tertiary prevention D. Quaternary prevention ```

C. Tertiary prevention

``` Secondary prevention A. Pap smear B. PT C. Exercise D. Seatbelts ```

A. Pap smear

``` 10-y.o. boy plays with his friends in garden with uncovered filled-up water container A. Stage of susceptibility B. Stage of pre-clinical C. Stage of clinical D. Stage of disease outcome ```

A. Stage of susceptibility

``` 2. Model for tradial and racial elements in patient – doctor relationship? A. Bio behavioral B. Holistic C. Bio psychosocial D. Ethno medical – cultural ```

D. Ethno medical – cultural

``` 4. Which of the ff. model implies that the brain and peripheral organs are linked in a complex, mutually adjusting relationship affected by changes in social as well as physical stimuli A. Biobehavioral model B. Holistic Model C. Biopsychosocial model D. Ethnomedical-cultural ```

B. Holistic Model

``` Unhealthy lifestyles are direct and indirect causes of illness A. Biomedical` B. Bio behavioral C. Holistic D. Bio psychosocial ```

B. Bio behavioral

Association is causal when there is biologic plausibility

True

``` Which of the following is the stage when the disease process has been triggered; the pathologic changes occurred without the individual being aware of them? A. Susceptibility B. Pre-clinical C. Clinical D. Outcome ```

B. Pre-clinical

``` 16. Subclinical stage of infectious diseases A. Natural history of diseases B. Spectrum of disease C. Latency D. Incubation ```

D. Incubation

``` Which of the following is the stage of subclinical disease for chronic diseases? A. Natural history of disease B. Spectrum o disease C. Latency D. Incubation ```

C. Latency

``` The stage in the natural history of disease where there is infection and apparent causative symptoms A. Infectivity B. Pathogenicity C. Virmulence D. Carrier ```

B. Pathogenicity

Most screening programs attempting to identify the disease process happens during which phase of its natural history? A. Phase of susceptibility B. Phase of subclinical disease C. Phase of clinical disease D. Phase of recovery, disability or death

B. Phase of subclinical disease (?)

``` 20. Smoking cessation is more cost effective in what stage of the distance? It is also the stage of exposure or accumulation of factors sufficient for disease to begin in a susceptible person: A. Stage of susceptibility B. Stage of subclinical C. Stage of clinical D. Stage of outcome ```

A. Stage of susceptibility

What best describes primordial prevention? A. It prevents the onset of symptoms B. Involves diagnostic/screening tests C. It is best timed at the incubation period D. An example of this are the health policies like the RH bill

D. An example of this are the health policies like the RH bill

``` Primary prevention for cervical cancer A. Pap snear for post-menopausal women with history of cervical cancer B. HPV vaccine for girls 9-26 years old C. Annual screening for STD D. Daily intake of calcium and vitamin D ```

B. HPV vaccine for girls 9-26 years old

Which of the following is not considered as 2nd level of prevention? A. Prescription of medic to cure disease B. screening of school children w/ intestinal parasitism C. FBS to an obese w/ family history of DM D. Referral to rehab medicine patients w/ low back pain

B. screening of school children w/ intestinal parasitism (?)

Which of the following is a tertiary level of prevention strategy? A. referral to alcoholic anonymous sessions B. attendance to public health lectures C. counselling session to an anxious patient D. participation in a marathon

A. referral to alcoholic anonymous sessions

What is the importance of understanding of the natural history of disease? A. New methods of managing disease B. for health policy research and formulation C. to be effective health professional D. To implement anticipatory action & prevention

A. New methods of managing disease (?)

``` Which stage is when the responsibility of the physician to make clinical judgement on how much information the patient can absorb happens? A. Stage 1: Onset of illness B. Stage 2: Reaction/impact on diagnosis C. Stage 3: Major therapeutic D. Stage 4: early recovery E. Stage 5: adjustment to outcome ```

B. Stage 2: Reaction/impact on diagnosis

``` Which stage? Second crisis must accept & adjust to disability. A. Stage I B. Stage II C. Stage III D. Stage IV E. Stage V ```

E. Stage V

``` Which is best described as the phase that has 3 possible outcomes: return to full health, partial recovery, and permanent disability? A. stage I B. stage II C. stage III D. stage IV E. Stage V ```

D. stage IV

30. Stage when patient experiences signs, symptoms, associated feelings & makes decision to have consult A. Stage I: onset to diagnosis B. Stage II: impact of diagnosis C. Stage III: major therapy intervention D. Stage IV: adjustment to early outcome E. Stage V: adjustment to permanent outcome

A. Stage I: onset to diagnosis

T or F : Cultural sensibilities & social situations should be taken to considerations when formulating treatment plans

True

T or F : Severe illness leads to financial catastrophe thus cost of therapy is according to the family’s ability to afford it.

True

T or F: Sudden change in behaviour must be considered as a red flag

True

T or F : Physicians can expect a pathological response from the patient & members of the family as a psychological reaction to the illness

True

Which of the following best describes patient – centeredness? A. emphasizes patient’s personal meaning of illness B. includes therapeutic and diagnostic acumen of physicians C. disease process is brought about psychological issues D. social perspectives are last to be considered

A. emphasizes patient’s personal meaning of illness

``` Which of the following is a component of patient – centeredness? A. Patient as a person B. shared responsibility C. Therapeutic alliance D. All of the above ```

D. All of the above

``` Which of the following is true of symptom carriers? A. Are the cause of family conflicts B. Play their role consciously C. Have detour conflict towards them D. Can harm themselves ```

C. Have detour conflict towards them

What is NOT an impact of the centripetal nature of illness? A. family members are drawn back towards the family B. family members are prevented from moving on with their individual developmental tasks C. family members feel some degree of anger(whether expressed or not) within family as a result of being drawn back in again D. illness causes great distress during the centripetal stage of the family

D. illness causes great distress during the centripetal stage of the family

Give an example of enmeshment? A. Right or wrong, he is my brother, I will defend him. B. I have not lost a child, but I know how you feel. C. He should have not humiliated you in public. I am angry as you are. D. I am afraid for your life. He is dangerous.

D. I am afraid for your life. He is dangerous. (?)

The doctor should provide family counselling/therapy: A. whenever there is family dysfunction B. whenever FD gets in the way of medical management C. whenever there are marital issues D. if the psychiatrist/ family therapist is not available

B. whenever FD gets in the way of medical management

The following statement is part of the philosophy of comprehensive primary Health care as expounded by the Alma ata conference A. Health is a right, the gross inequality in the health status of the people is unacceptable & economic and social development is basic to the fullest attainment of health B. Health can be improved mainly by cost effective & specific health interventions C. Improve health ASAP so government will too.

A. Health is a right, the gross inequality in the health status of the people is unacceptable & economic and social development is basic to the fullest attainment of health

Conclusion of WHO on SDH paper on Brazil: A. Insufficient CCT B. will continue CCT C. Not needed anymore CCT

B. will continue CCT

``` Cultural competence in health care is sensitivity to differences in beliefs and practices coming out of differences in patients A. Age B. Religion C. Sexual Orientation D. AOTA ```

D. AOTA

``` Binat is a Filipino popular medical culture that involves middle-aged women involving: A. menopause B. muscle and body pain C. urinary tract infection D. None of the above ```

B. muscle and body pain

``` An anti-usug medication in Quiapo known as saga, a red seed with a black dot, is also known to cause: A. Indigestion B. Hemolysis C. Constipation D. NOTA ```

B. Hemolysis

``` Which of the following is a popular item used for “mangkukulam”? A. Erect Sto. Nino figue B. Black candles C. Gayuma D. None of the above ```

B. Black candles

``` 7. A gayuma is an object used for: A. defense against witchcraft B. defense against usog C. rheumatism D. love charm ```

D. love charm

``` Cytotee in Quiapo is sold for A. Abortion B. inducing labor in 3rd trimester C. neither D. both ```

A. Abortion

``` Cytotee is sold for: A. abortion B. contractions during full term labor C. Both D. Neither ```

C. Both

T or F: According to the World Bank female Filipinos are paid equally as to their male counterparts

T or F: Human rights, including sexual and reproductive health right are factors in the social determinants of health

T or F: Gender inequalities can be addressed by merely looking at the disadvantaged position of women in society without pushing for affirmative

Integration vs. Immersion

Integration is pasawsaw; short and brief method of having an interaction with the community that will give you a snapshot of community life. Immersion is mas malalim; interaction with the community that has a deeper meaning and interconnection; 2 weeks - 1 month. You do what the locals do. Community is a social landscape, not a physical landscape. Look at the interaction and dynamics of the people, which drive them to relate with each other.

Community oriented vs. Community based

Community – oriented: planning and decision making done outside the community and planners are not members of the community Community – based: Planning and decision making done within and with members of the community; “Community itself will plan their projects.”

Community diagnosis vs. COPAR

Community diagnosis is a situation analysis. A purposeful collection of all info about the community target for study. A prerequisite for any development problems . Determines needs, social factors and resources. COPAR is a research collaboration. Combination of education, research and action. Central element is participation. Leads to community organization, collective and comprehensive development.

``` 43. Rigid boundaries are: A. non-negotiable B. represented by dotted lines C. characterized by intrusions D. dysfunctional regardless of stage of family ```

A. non-negotiable

``` 44. Which of the following is true of symptom carriers? A. Are the cause of family conflicts B. Play their role consciously C. Have detour conflict towards them D. Can harm themselves ```

C. Have detour conflict towards them

46. What is NOT an impact of the centripetal nature of illness? A. family members are drawn back towards the family B. family members are prevented from moving on with their individual developmental tasks C. family members feel some degree of anger(whether expressed or not) within family as a result of being drawn back in again D. illness causes great distress during the centripetal stage of the family

C. family members feel some degree of anger(whether expressed or not) within family as a result of being drawn back in again

55. The following statement is part of the philosophy of comprehensive primary Health care as expounded by the Alma ata conference A. Health is a right, the gross inequality in the health status of the people is unacceptable & economic and social development is basic to the fullest attainment of health B. Health can be improved mainly by cost effective & specific health interventions C. Improve health ASAP so government will too.

A. Health is a right, the gross inequality in the health status of the people is unacceptable & economic and social development is basic to the fullest attainment of health

``` 65. An anti-usug medication in Quiapo known as saga, a red seed with a black dot, is also known to cause: A. Indigestion B. Hemolysis C. Constipation D. NOTA ```

B. Hemolysis

``` 72. Biologic factors of climate change? A. toxic contaminants B. algal blooms C. thermal stress D. AOTA ```

B. algal blooms

73. Effect an ecosystem can bring about health effects because of the following except: A. microbial proliferation B. impaired crop yields C. change in vector-pathogen host relationship D. thermal stress

B. impaired crop yields

``` 74. Human development effects as an emerging disease of climate change is brought about by: A. chronic stress B. Exposure to toxic contaminants C. Harmful algal blooms D. AOTA ```

B. Exposure to toxic contaminants

T or F: A second order change is a change in the degree of an existinf skill.

T or F: In the stage, The Family in Later Life, a critical second order change is the development of adult to adult relationships between grown children and their parent.

T or F: In the stage, The Family with Adolescents, midlife changes are issues.

T or F: Oftentimes, marital difficulties in the first years of marriage are the result of greater loyalty to the family of origin rather than to the newly formed marital system.

T or F: If there is developmental task that’s is not accomplished in one stage the family will have difficulty moving on to the next stage and dysfunction will occur.

T or F: The more “out of phase” the illness or death is with respect to the life cycle, the greater the chances that coping will be impaired.

T or F: In the stage , The Newly Married Couple, second order change is making space in the marriage for the entry of children.

T or F: The recnegotiation of the marital system as a dyad takes place in the stage, The Family in Later Life.

T or F: In Adolescence, it is important for the parent –child boundaries to be renegotiated so that the adolescent can move in and out of the system.

T or F: When chronic illness strikes the adult in earlier stages of the life cycle, adjustments are easier because the adult is still young and can therefore cope better with such illness.

1. Environmental health is defined by WHO as A. The control of all those factors in man’s physical environment which exercise, or may exercise, a deleterious effect on his physical development health or survival. B. That aspect of public health that is concerned with those forms of life, substances, forces and conditions surroundings of man. C. Is the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through organized efforts of society. D. Is the promotion and maintenance of the highest degree of safety in the environment.

A. The control of all those factors in man’s physical environment which exercise, or may exercise, a deleterious effect on his physical development health or survival.

``` 2. Among the farmers, the most common physical hazard that affects them is/are A. Parasites in the soil B. Dust C. Pesticides D. Heat ```

3. The most important “greenhouse” gas is A. CO2 B. Methane C. Water vapor D. Nitrous oxide

4. One of the following is a consequence of global warming. A. An increased incidence of cataract B. More cases of skin cancer. C. Spread of tropical diseases. D. Mutation of certain species of plants.

5. One of the following is a condition that has been shown to increase because of the depletion of the ozone layer A. Cataract formation B. COPD C. Tropical disease D. DNA mutation

46. What is true about COPAR? A. Health experts propose the problem of the community. B. It is done using surveys. C. Data are gathered regarding the community and programs are devised accordingly. D. The needs, social factors, and resources are taken into consideration for programs for community empowerment.

47. Though participatory action research is not widely accepted, it is recommended because: A. It allows the community to eventually take over the management of developmental programs in the future. B. It allows the community to be trained to do scientific research. C. It is less time-consuming to do than traditional research. D. It is easy to do and is largely scientific in nature.

48. In traditional research, the researcher is the main actor, while in participatory research, the researcher is A. the leader and manager of the research B. passive observer in the research C. a facilitator in the research process and community organization D. a lecturer in the process of research

50. Which of the following statements is an advantage of participatory research? A. There is less mental output and physical output from the external researcher. B. Participatory research is easily replicable and can be carried out in all communities. C. Easy to document and disseminate so other development workers may learn from experience. D. Participatory research leads to empowerment and organization of community people.

``` 59. WHO acknowledges that health is not merely absence of disease. The following belongs to the WHO framework, except: A. faith and prayer healing B. socialization C. education D. none of the above is an exemption ```

D. none of the above is an exemption

60. The following are true regarding the financial issues in health services except: A. Traditional healers and government health services are free of charge. B. Private clinics and hospitals have different charges depending on the ability of the patient to pay. Laboratory exams, room charges are more expensive as the daily room rate increases. C. PGH is a government hospital, thus, health service is subsidized from the taxes people pay. D. Despite the advent of PhilHealth and private medical insurance, majority of the Filipinos pay out-of-pocket. E. None of the above is an exemption.

``` 62. How far in meters should a toilet be from a primary water source for the latter not to be infected? A. 10 B. 25 C. 30 D. 50 ```

A. only A is true B. only B is true C. both true D. neither true 68. A. IPCC findings: the global temperature is increasing B. The rise in temperature will continue even if man’s activities are stopped: burning of fossil fuel, agriculture

A. only A is true B. only B is true C. both true D. neither true 70. A. Global warming is a welcome phenomenon as a whole because it increases agricultural output of all countries B. Global warming is a welcome phenomenon as a whole because it decreases mortality due to cold spells.

73. Rudolf Virchow is considered a proponent of the social determinants of health mainly because: A. Aside from being a doctor, pathologist & biologist, he also founded the discipline of anthropology B. He was first to describe thromboembolism. C. He was first to determine the cause of leukemia. D. His precscription for cure of epidemics are prosperity, liberty & education.

78. Which is correct? A. The WHO, in its constitution, defines health as not merely the absence of disease B. The Alma Ata Declaration includes the Social Determinants of Health as one of its mechanisms C. Unicef’s Selective Primary Care is rooted upon the Biomedical Approach to healthcare D. The millennium development goals’ aim to address healthcare through eradicating poverty, but deems it impossible

72. Health objectives consistent with the social determinants of health: A. Combat infectious diseases like TB, malaria, and HIV B. Reduce maternal mortality rate by 2/3, and infant mortality rate C. Promote job and food security, decent housing, and eradicate extreme poverty D. Growth monitoring, ORS, and breastfeeding and immunization.

``` Ang hepatoma ni Roberta ay nakuha niya mula sa asawa niya na merong hepatitis. Ang hepatoma ay maaaring pagsimulan ng hepatitis. Hindi naman nasabi kay Roberta na pwede mangyari ito. A. Biomedical B. Biobehavioral C. Biopsychosocial D. Ethnomedical-cultural ```

``` Ang mga lalaking maraming kapareha ay sadyang naghahanap ng mga sakit tulad ng syphilis. A. Biomedical B. Biobehavioral C. Biopsychosocial D. Ethnomedical-cultural ```

``` Hindi naman dahil sa kapabayaan ang diabetes. Mana-mana yan d ba? A. Biomedical B. Biobehavioral C. Biopsychosocial D. Ethnomedical-cultural ```

``` Kailangan balutan ng kumot ang batang may lagnat para lumabas ang init A. Biomedical B. Biobehavioral C. Biopsychosocial D. Ethnomedical-cultural ```

Which of the following is an example of a diffuse boundary? A. A 30y/o daughter who resents and refuses to follow curfew set by her dad B. A 45y/o son who gave up his girlfriend at the request of his mom to take care of her C. An 18y/o daughter who took the course recommended to her by her parents D. A 29y/o daughter who followed the advice of her mom to end a relationship with a man separated from his wife

B. An out-of-phase illness in a centrifugal stage

In over-involved relationships A. boundaries are diffuse B. parties help one another in times of trouble C. the happiness of one is often the source of happiness in the other D. giving into one another is the rule

Which populations are vulnerable to the health effects of climate change? A. women and children B. communities in small island nations C. indigenous groups living in polar regions D. everyone, but some more than others

With the temperature of the planet rising, dengue and malaria are likely to: A. decrease, cooler temperature is needed for the life cycle of carrier mosquitoes B. increase, warmer temperature is needed for the life cycle of carrier mosquitoes C. cease to be a major public health concern D. Be unaffected

Second crisis in which family adjusts to the illness A. Onset of Illness B. Reaction to Diagnosis (Impact Phase) C. Major Therapeutic Efforts D. Early Adjustment to Outcome and Recovery E. Adjustment to Permanence of Outcome

Give small doses over time depending on how much information the patient can receive A. Onset of Illness B. Reaction to Diagnosis (Impact Phase) C. Major Therapeutic Efforts D. Early Adjustment to Outcome and Recovery E. Adjustment to Permanence of Outcome

64 years old male experiencing malaise, weakness and vomiting A. Onset of Illness B. Reaction to Diagnosis (Impact Phase) C. Major Therapeutic Efforts D. Early Adjustment to Outcome and Recovery E. Adjustment to Permanence of Outcome

Initiation of gradual movement from sick role to some form of recovery. A. Onset of Illness B. Reaction to Diagnosis (Impact Phase) C. Major Therapeutic Efforts D. Early Adjustment to Outcome and Recovery E. Adjustment to Permanence of Outcome

Engel linked stress to family using these statements EXCEPT: A. Family support protects against illness B. Stress usually lead to illness C. All of the above D. None of the Above

A non-government organization wants to consult a community for their priority health problem in order plan a health program that will eventually be self-managed by the community A - TRA (traditional research) B - PAR (participatory action research)

Exam 1 Family Medicine and COME Flashcards

(197 cards)