Exam 1 Flash 2 Flashcards
(22 cards)
What are the six classes of essential nutrients?
Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water
What does nutrient density mean?
A food that provides lots of nutrients for relatively few calories
What is the main site of nutrient absorption?
Small intestine
What are the % Daily Values on food labels based on?
A 2,000-calorie diet
What macronutrient provides 9 calories per gram?
Fat
What are the fat-soluble vitamins?
A, D, E, K
What is the recommended protein intake for adults?
0.8 grams per kilogram of body weight
What is the difference between LDL and HDL cholesterol?
LDL is ‘bad’ (builds up in arteries); HDL is ‘good’ (removes cholesterol)
What is MyPlate used for?
Visual guide for balanced, healthy eating proportions
What is the danger zone for bacterial growth in food?
40°F to 140°F
What are the symptoms of anorexia nervosa?
Extreme restriction of food, fear of gaining weight, distorted body image
What’s the primary nutrient used during exercise?
Carbohydrates
Why are essential nutrients called ‘essential’?
Because the body cannot make them in sufficient quantities; they must come from the diet.
What role do antioxidants play in the body?
They protect cells from damage caused by free radicals and oxidative stress.
Why is fiber important for health?
It aids digestion, helps regulate blood sugar, and lowers cholesterol.
How does protein quality differ between animal and plant sources?
Animal proteins are usually complete (all essential amino acids), while most plant proteins are incomplete.
What is the glycemic index and why does it matter?
It ranks carbs based on how quickly they raise blood sugar; low-GI foods help control blood sugar levels.
Why is hydration critical during exercise?
Water regulates temperature, lubricates joints, and helps transport nutrients for energy.
What are common signs of foodborne illness?
Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever.
How does the body use glucose after eating carbs?
Glucose is used for energy or stored as glycogen in the liver and muscles.
What’s the difference between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins in terms of storage?
Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fat tissue; water-soluble vitamins are not stored and must be consumed more regularly.
What does ‘nutrient deficiency disease’ mean?
A disease resulting from lack of a specific essential nutrient (e.g., scurvy from lack of vitamin C).
