Exam 1 Flash Cards_1
(27 cards)
How do we collect data (information)? (Assumed Knowledge)
Through methods like observation, interviews, physical examination, and reviewing records or diagnostic results. [implied from general nursing knowledge, cite: 1]
Why do we collect data (information)? (Assumed Knowledge)
To understand the patient’s current health status, identify problems or needs, plan and implement care, and evaluate outcomes. [implied from general nursing knowledge, cite: 1]
What is adaptation? (Assumed Knowledge)
A process of change by which an organism or species becomes better suited to its environment; a response to stimuli to maintain integrity. [cite: 2, 38, 39]
How do living beings adapt to a changing environment? (Assumed Knowledge)
Through physiological processes, psychological coping mechanisms, and behavioral changes to respond to internal and external stimuli. [cite: 2, 38, 39]
How do we know the living being is adapted to the environment? (Assumed Knowledge)
When their behaviors promote integrity in terms of survival, growth, reproduction, mastery, peaceful death, or person-environment transformation; they can function effectively. [cite: 3, 41]
Goal of Nursing (Study Question 1)
To address the needs of the patient. [cite: 5]
Nursing Professional Role (Study Question 2)
Nurses use critical thinking skills to responsibly administer quality patient-centered care. [cite: 6] Nurses serve as caregivers, advocates, educators, communicators, and managers. [cite: 6]
Challenges Nurses Face Today (Study Question 3)
Aging populations; bioterrorism; emergence of antibiotic resistant infections; climate change; disaster management; increasing frequency of changing patient needs (EBP, culturally sensitive care). [cite: 7, 8]
Patient-Centered, Culturally Sensitive Patient Care: Definition (Study Question 4)
Taking into consideration a patient’s socio-cultural, religious, and personal beliefs when providing care. [cite: 9]
Evidence-Based Practice (EBP): Definition & Purpose (Study Question 5)
The use of scientifically proven data, derived from testing and ethical standards with repeated positive results, to provide the best care possible. [cite: 10, 11]
Importance of Knowing Historical Influences on Nursing (Study Question 6)
It increases the ability to understand the social and intellectual origins of the disciplines of the nursing profession. [cite: 12]
Effectiveness of the Nursing Process (Study Question 7)
It is universally adaptable to all types of patients in all kinds of health care settings. [cite: 13] It is dynamic, changing over time in response to patient needs. [cite: 13]
Mother of Nursing (Study Question 42)
Florence Nightingale (born May 12, 1820). [cite: 114] She developed the first nursing philosophy based on health maintenance. [cite: 114]
Six Levels of Health Care in the US (General Overview)
- Preventative care, 2. Primary care, 3. Secondary care, 4. Tertiary care, 5. Restorative care, 6. Continuing Healthcare. [cite: 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121, 122]
Nutrition for Wound Healing (General Concept)
A nutrient-rich diet including protein, Vitamin C, Vitamin A, and Zinc is essential. Proper hydration is also important. [cite: 4, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81]
Anatomy and Physiology of Integumentary System (General Overview)
Skin (epidermis, dermis, hypodermis), mucosa, hair, nails, and glands (sweat, sebaceous, ceruminous, mammary). Functions as a barrier, regulates temperature, and serves as a sensory organ. [cite: 51, 52, 53, 54, 55]
Hormonal and Neuro Regulation of Integumentary System (General Overview)
Hormones (MSH, ACTH, estrogen, thyroid hormones) affect melanin, skin/hair/nail health, oil production. [cite: 56, 57, 58, 62, 63, 64] Nervous system (Sympathetic: blood flow, sweating; Parasympathetic: indirect blood flow effect). [cite: 59, 60, 61, 65, 66]
Fluid Distribution in the Body (Largest & Smallest Compartments)
Distributed between intracellular fluid (ICF) and extracellular fluid (ECF) compartments. [cite: 123] ICF is the larger compartment; ECF is the smaller compartment. [cite: 123]
Fluid Balance: Sensible vs. Insensible Water/Fluid Loss
Sensible loss can be measured (e.g., urine, recorded in I&O charts). [cite: 124, 125] Insensible loss cannot be easily felt or measured (e.g., through skin, lungs) but is estimated and significant in cases like fever, burns, hyperventilation. [cite: 124, 125, 126]
Mechanisms of Fluid & Electrolyte Movement (General)
Fluid movement: Diffusion (high to low concentration), Osmosis (water across semi-permeable membrane). [cite: 127, 129] Electrolyte movement: Diffusion, Active transport (requires energy, e.g., Na+/K+ pump). Oncotic pressure (proteins pulling fluid). [cite: 127, 128, 130, 131]
Normotonic, Hypertonic, & Hypotonic Solutions: General Definitions
Normotonic (Isotonic): Balanced concentration, same as electrolytes in body fluids (e.g., 0.9% NaCl). [cite: 132, 133] Hypertonic: Higher solute concentration; water moves out of cells, causing them to shrink. [cite: 132] Hypotonic: Lower solute concentration; water moves into cells, causing them to swell. [cite: 132]
Regulation of Fluids and Electrolytes (Hormones/Body Systems)
Key regulators include Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH), the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS), and the Kidneys. [cite: 134]
Regulator vs. Cognator in Fluid/Electrolyte Balance
Cognator mechanism involves conscious, voluntary responses to maintain balance (e.g., feeling thirsty and drinking). [cite: 135] (Regulator mechanisms are typically physiological and automatic, like ADH release).
Pain: Nociception Definition
The neural process of detecting and transmitting pain signals in response to an actual or potentially harmful stimulus. It is the physiological process allowing the body to sense and respond to pain, not pain itself. [cite: 161]
