Exam 1 - Gen. Path

Question 1

(Benign) Adenoma/ (Malignant) Adenocarcinoma

Answer 1

Glandular epithelium

Question 2

(Benign) Papilloma/ (Malignant) Squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 2

Squamous epithelium

Question 3

(Benign) Hepatoma/ (Malignant) Hepatocellular carcinoma

Answer 3

Liver

Question 4

(Benign) Rhabdomyoma/ (Malignant) Rhabdomyosarcoma

Answer 4

Skeletal muscle

Question 5

(Benign) Leiomyoma/ (Malignant) Leiomyosarcoma

Answer 5

Smooth muscle

Question 6

(Benign) Osteoma (Malignant) Osteosarcoma

Answer 6

Bone

Question 7

What are the 4 types of tissues that become round cell tumors?

Answer 7

Lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages (histiocyte), mast cell

Question 8

(Malignant) Lymphoma/Lymphosarcoma

Answer 8

Lymphocyte; ONLY malignant

Question 9

(Benign) Plasmacytoma/ (Malignant) Multiple Myeloma

Answer 9

Plasma cell

Question 10

(Benign) Histiocytoma/ (Malignant) Histiosarcoma

Answer 10

Marcophages

Question 11

Mast cell tumor

Answer 11

Mast cell (High and low)

Question 12

Astrocytoma is an example of what kind of tumor?

Answer 12

Brain tumor

Question 13

Oligodenderoglioma

Answer 13

Oligodenderocytes`

Question 14

Hamartoma

Answer 14

Disorganized, mature tissue in a normal location

Question 15

Chroistoma

Answer 15

Disorganized, mature tissue in an abnormal location

Question 16

List histological patterns seen in glandular epithelial tumors (4)

Answer 16

Acini, cystic, tubules, papillary

Question 17

List histological patterns seen in epithelial tumors

Answer 17

Cords and lobules

Question 18

List histological patterns seen in mesenchymal tumors

Answer 18

Whorls and bundles

Question 19

T or F: Benign tumors can damage the host

Answer 19

True

Question 20

A histological sample shows cells that are frequently atypical and can infiltrate adjacent tissue. You also notice central necrosis. Is this benign or malignant?

Answer 20

Malignant

Question 21

Benign tumors often _____ adjacent tissue, whereas malignant tumors _____.

Answer 21

Compress; Infiltrate

Question 22

What are the 3 steps of invasion?

Answer 22

Impairment of cell > Intravasation to enter blood > Extravasation to new tissue

Question 23

List the 3 metastatic routes

Answer 23

Hematogenous, lymphatic, and transcoeliomic exfoliation and implantation

Question 24

A tumor that metastasizes to the lung is most likely what type of tumor?

Answer 24

Mammary, skin, soft tissue, bone, and thyroid

Question 25

A tumor that metastasizes to the liver is most likely what type of tumor?

Answer 25

Pancreatic, GI

Question 26

What are the preferred routes for sarcomas, carcinomas, and mesotheliomas?

Answer 26

Sarcomas - Hematogenous Carcinomas - Lymphatic Mesotheliomas - transcoelomic exfoliation

Question 27

What are some symptoms of paraneoplastic syndrome?

Answer 27

Hypercalcemia, anorexia, cachexia, and endocrinopathies

Question 28

Grading scales exist for which tumor types?

Answer 28

Mammary gland neoplasia, mast cell tumor, soft tissue carcinoma

Question 29

Three factors of staging a tumor

Answer 29

Primary tumor size, lymph node involvement, distant metastasis

Question 30

Stages in shock development

Answer 30

Compensation > progression > irreversible

Question 31

Pathogenesis of DIC

Answer 31

Blood clot formations > Consumption of coagulation proteins and platelets > disrupts normal clotting > abnormal bleeding > clots plug normal blood flow to organs > ischemic injury

Question 32

List DIC triggers

Answer 32

Bacterial endotoxins, parasites, viruses, carcinomas, heat stroke, antigen-antibody complexes

Question 33

If the body is 60% fluid, what is the makeup of that fluid?

Answer 33

40% ICF, 20% ECF; in ECF 4% is plasma and 16% is interstitium

Question 34

What factors influence fluid movement?

Answer 34

Hormones, receptors, osmotic/hydrostatic forces, and vascular system integrity

Question 35

Pathogenesis of shock

Answer 35

Hypovolemic shock > compensation > progression leads to shift towards glycolysis > acidosis in cells > cell deteriorates