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TRI 6 - Peds > Exam 1 General Content > Flashcards

Exam 1 General Content Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Describe motor control

A

Control and organization process underlying movement
Milliseconds

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2
Q

Describe motor learning

A

Acquisition of skill through practice and experience
Hours, days, weeks

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3
Q

Describe motor development

A

Age related change in motor development
Months, years, decades

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4
Q

What is the normal pattern of kinesiological development

A

Physiological flexion
Antigravity extension
Antigravity flexion

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5
Q

Describe some normal newborn characteristics

A

Physiologic flexion
Flexor recoil with passive stretch
Hands lightly fisted
Head in midline
Visually alert
Moves head side to side to clear airway
Head and trunk are linked

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6
Q

Describe some premature newborn characteristics

A

Decreased physiologic flexion
Low muscle tone
Limited ability to self calm
Cannot lift head and neck to clear airway
Immature development of organ systems
Poor feeding skills

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7
Q

Describe the APGAR

A

Appearance
Pulse
Grimace
Activity
Respiration

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8
Q

Describe the scoring of the APGAR

A

10 is best
< 7 is high risk
5-7 oxygen and resuscitation may be needed
< 2 resuscitation required

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9
Q

Describe neonatal reflexes

A

Part of intrauterine development
Appear at end of second trimester
Integrated during first year of life
Deviations indicate abnormal neuromuscular development

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10
Q

When do equilibrium reactions begin to develop and when do they mature

A

4-6 months
4-6 years

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11
Q

What is the order of postural control

A

Prone
Supine
Side lying
Sitting
Quadruped
Kneeling
Standing

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12
Q

What is the etiology of brachial plexus injury in infants

A

Primarily due to difficult vaginal delivery

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13
Q

Describe erbs palsy

A

Injury to C5-C6
Shoulder EXR, IR, ADD
Elbow extension
Pronation
Wrist and finger flexion

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14
Q

Describe Klumke’s palsy

A

Injury to C8-T1
Postures in supintaion

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15
Q

Describe global palsy

A

Damage to C5-T1

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16
Q

What is a torch infection

A

Group of infections that can have serious impact on the fetus when the mother is infected during pregnancy or delivery

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17
Q

What are some examples of torch infections

A

Toxoplasmas
Rubella
Cytomegalovirus
Herpes

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18
Q

Describe toxoplasmosis

A

From cat litter
Can cause, hydrocephalus, seizures, intellectual disability

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19
Q

Describe syphilis

A

rash
Hearing loss
Damage to teeth and eyes
MSk deformities
CNS involvement

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20
Q

Desceibe rubella

A

Rash
Cataracts
Liver damage

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21
Q

Describe cytomegalovirus

A

Transmitted in utero
Can cause Hearing loss, hypotonia, motor impairment

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22
Q

What is a high risk infant

A

Greater than average chance of morbidity or mortality

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23
Q

What defines a premature infant

A

37 weeks or younger

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24
Q

Describe low birth weights for infants

A

LBW - 3.3-3.5
VLBW 2.2-3.3
ELBW < 2.2

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25
Describe the neonatal levels of care
1 - well baby nursery, stable normal infants 2 - special care nursery, 32+ weeks, 1500+ grams, feed tubes, supplemental O2 3 - NICU, < 32 weeks or <1500 grams, ventilators 4 - Regional NICU, most specialized care
26
Describe infant positioning early in the NICU
Midline head positioning and elevation at 30 for first 2 hours, this decreases incidence of intraventricular hemorrhage
27
Briefly describe respiratory distres syndrome
children issues with breathing Treat with supplemental o2
28
Briefly describe BPD
results from using supplemental O2 for too long
29
Briefly describe meconium aspiration syndrome
If infant has first bowel movement in utero it may be inhaled Treat with antibiotics
30
Briefly describe intraventricular hemorrhage
Swings in blood pressure can cause bleeding into the ventricles 1 - isolated germinal matrix hemorrhage 2 - IVH with normal sized ventricles 3 - IVH with dilated ventricles 4 - IVH into white matter
31
Briefly describe periventricular leukomalacia
due to little or too much cerebellar blood flow
32
Briefly describe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
decreased oxygenation Mild - requires resuscitation Moderate - resuscitation and respiration assist Severe - resuscitation and prolonged ventilation
33
Briefly describe GER
stomach contents erupt into esophagus, normal in 2/3 of healthy infants
34
How can you position to prevent infants from spitting up
30 upright sitting
35
Briefly describe neonatal abstinence syndrome
withdrawal signs and neurobehavioral problems in infants Occurs in 72 hours Meds: methadone
36
Briefly describe Necrotizing enterocolitis
acute inflammation of bowel Results in intestinal hemorrhage
37
Describe retinopathy of prematurity
immature part of retina
38
Briefly describe hyperbilirubinemia
Jaundice Sunlight exposure treatment
39
Describe the various behavioral states children can occupy and which is the best for examination
Deep sleep Light sleep Drowsy Quiet awake - best time for exam Active awake Crying
40
What are infant vitals
120-180 BPM 40-60 RR Costal retractions is sign of labored breathing
41
What is juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Group of inflammatory diseases in children and adolescents that may cause joint or connective tissue damage through the body
42
What are the subtypes of JIA
Systemic - most painful, SYMETRIC OligoarthritiS - most common, asymmetrical Polyarticular - 5 or more joints, SYMETRIC
43
What are some Interventions for JIA
Cold modalities ROM, gentle strengthening Functional activities
44
What is CMT
Torticollis Unilateral shortening of SCM Caused by nodule or tightening of upper trap
45
Hoe can CMT develop
Prenatal - Ischemic injury, mispositioning in utero, muscle rupture Perinatal - trauma from breech position Positional - positional preference
46
Describe the type of CMT
Postural - positional preference, full PROM Muscular - unilateral SCM tightness, no nodule mass SCM nodule - Most severe, fibrous band in SCM
47
Describe CMY grading
1 - early mild - less than 15 2 - early moderate - 15-30 3 - early severe - more than 30 4 - late mild - 7-9 months, less than 15 5 - late moderate - 10-12 months, less than 15 6 - late severe - 7-12 more than 15 7 - late extreme - after months with nodule, more than 30
48
Describe CMT prognosis
Good if referred less than 3 months
49
What are some red flags associated with CMT
Poor visual tracking Abnormal muscle tone Extramacular mass Other abnormal findings
50
What is the difference between plagiocephaly and brachiocephaly
plagio - opposite corners are bulging Brachio - flattening on back of skull
51
How do you treat plagiocephaly and brachiocephaly
plagio - positioning opposite deformity, increased time in prone, orthotic at 4 months of age Brachio - increased prone positioning to allow reshaping
52
What is Osteogenisis imperfecta
Inherited collagen deficit disorder
53
What are some major impairments resulting ftom OI
Diffuse osteoporosis with recurring fractures Lax joints Weak muscles Blue sclera
54
Describe type 1 OI
Most common Blue sclrea Short Conductive hearing loss Fragile bones
55
Describe type 2 OI
not compatible with life
56
Describe type 3 OI
severe Progressive deformity of long bones, skull and spine Very short stature Respiratory comprimise
57
Describe type 4 OI
mild to moderate deformity Short stature post nataly Ambulatory
58
What are some intervention considerations for OI patients
No passive stretching Do not overdress due to excessive sweating Encourage weight bearing
59
Describe AMC
Non-progressive neuromuscular disorder presenting with severe joint contracture in two or more body areas
60
What is the etiology of AMC
Mostly unknown, mechanism seems to be fetal akinesia
61
Described froglike AMC
Hips, ABD, ER Knee, Flex Club feet Shoulders IR Elbow extension Wrist flexed Ulnar deviation
62
Describe jack knifed AMC
Hips flexed Knees extended Club feet Shoulder s IR Elbows flexed Flexed wrists ulnar deviation
63
What is the difference between version and Torsion
Version - position of femur Torsion - makeup of bone
64
Describe developmental dysplasia
Pathology where the hips are insecure
65
Describe Barlow and Ortolani test
Barlow - Adduction of hip while pushing posterior, clunk indicates dislocation Ortolani - abduction and traction to relocate
66
What are the intervention steps of Developmental dysplasia by age
0-6 months - Pavlik harness, contra spina bifida 6 months to 2 years - Open or closed reduction, hip spica cast > 2 years - more extensive surgery
67
Describe how scoliosis is classified
More than 10 degrees cob angle Named for Convex surface and level of apex
68
Describe nonstructural vs structural scoliosis
NonStructural - corrects when side bending toward apex, no vertebral rotation Structural - not passively or forcibly corrected, rotation of vertebrae toward the convexity, often fixed rib hump is present
69
Describe congenital limb deficiency
child born without portion of UE or LE

TRI 6 - Peds (7 decks)

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