Exam 1 genetics Flashcards
(23 cards)
A group of organisms with all the same genes on the same chromosomes but with some is called a(n)
a. Species
b. Genome
c. Locus
d.Proteome
e. allele
a. species
A piece of DNA that encodes many proteins and functional RNAs and is bound tightly during mitosis is called
-Gene expression
-Gene
-Chromosome
-Trait
Chromosome
If a geneticist is studying the connection between a gene and its outwardly expressed phenotypic trait in the organism, they are at the_______ level of study.
Population
Cellular
Organismal
Molecular
organismal
Which of the following is a unique component of DNA?
Ribose
Deoxyribose
Nucleotide bases
Phosphate
Deoxyribose
Which is the largest version of a gene?
An RNA transcript of a gene
A DNA copy of the gene
A gene in the genome
An RNA transcript that lacks an exon
A gene in the genome
Which of the following statements regarding natural selection are true?
a. Gene sequences in organisms must change for natural selection to occur.
b. Genotypes increasing in frequency in a population are under positive selection.
c. Genotype must be affected for natural selection to act on genetic changes
d. Selection strength is not affected by the environment
b. Genotypes increasing in frequency in a population are under positive selection.
Gene regulation takes place
a. Before transcription through transcription factors
b. After transcription factors bind but in the steps before RNA polymerase works
c. After transcription due to the stability of mRNA
d. After mRNA is translated by the action of siRNA
e. All of the above are correct
b. After transcription factors bind but in the steps before RNA polymerase works
Gene families are
a. A group of orthologs that all came from a single copied gene and have new uses
b. A series of genes that are all in the same area and inherited together
c. A group of paralogs that all came from a single copied gene and have new uses
d. All the genes on a single chromosome
c. A group of paralogs that all came from a single copied gene and have new uses
The four nitrogenous bases found in DNA are cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine. Which of the following statements regarding the bases is correct?
a. Adenine is a pyrimidine and pairs with cytosine in the DNA double helix.
b. Cytosine is a pyrimidine and pairs with guanine in the DNA double helix.
c. Thymine is a purine and pairs with adenine in the DNA double helix.
d. Guanine is a purine and pairs with thymine in the DNA double helix.
b. Cytosine is a pyrimidine and pairs with guanine in the DNA double helix.
Which of the following would contain genetic material that is nearly 100% identical? (like fewer than 10 bp different)
a. Homologous chromosomes
b. X and Y chromosomes
c. Sister Chromatids
d. All of the above are identical
c. sister chromatids
Continuity and variation across generations is the genetics version of in the study of evolution.
a. Natural Selection
b. Descent with Modification
c. Genetic Drift
d. Polymerase Chain Reaction
b. Descent with Modification
Which of the following processes depends on complementary base pairing?
a. Protein translation
b. Hybridization
c. RNA transcription
d. All of the above
d. all of the above
Which of the following phenomena are common among endosymbiotic bacteria, including mitochondria, and leads to their modified genome size?
a. Polyploidization
b. Gene loss
c. Horizontal Gene Transfer
d. Gene Family Expansion
b. gene loss
Which of the following statements about bacteria are true?
a. Bacteria usually have nuclei
b. Bacterial chromosomes are usually larger than most animal chromosomes
c. Bacterial chromosomes are usually linear
d. Bacteria usually have a single circular chromosome
d. Bacteria usually have a single circular chromosome
Two carriers for a sever genetic disorder decide to have a child. The probability that the child will be homozygous dominant or homozygous recessive can be calculated using the following
a. The Sum Rule
b. The Product Rule
c. Chi-Square analysis
d. Binomial Expansion
e. Dihybrid Cross
a. The Sum Rule
Which group of organisms has the highest percentage of functional, transcribed DNA?
a. A bacterium
b. C. elegans worm
c. A human
d. All of the above
a. A bacterium
Where is the bulk of the DNA found in mouse cells?
a. Chloroplast
b. Mitochondrion
c. Nucleus
d. Plasmids
c. Nucleus
T/F? Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment refers to the fact that the two alleles for a gene in a diploid organism separate during gamete formation and each gamete receives only one of these alleles.
False
T/F? If two complementary single strands of DNA come in contact with each other, chances are they will hybridize together.
True
T/F? cDNA is a perfect copy of a gene and includes all introns and regulatory elements
False
T/F? All genes in the genome are coded from the same strand of DNA and go the same direction in the genome.
False
T/F? Though it isn’t a perfect trend, genome size tends to increase with organism complexity.
True
T/F? Understanding genetics is useful for having a deep understanding of all biological fields.
true
