exam 1 (heart)

Question 1

what range is normal for PRI?

Answer 1

0.12 - 0.20

Question 2

what is normal for QRS?

Answer 2

0.04 - 0.12

Question 3

how much is one small box on EKG?

Answer 3

0.04

Question 4

how much is a big box on an EKG?

Answer 4

0.20 (or 5 small boxes)

Question 5

what medication is always married to SVT (supraventricular tachycardia)?

Answer 5

adenosine

Question 5

what medication is used in the management of torsades de pointes (polymorphic/”twisting” v tach)?

Answer 5

magnesium sulfate

Question 6

what is the difference of QRS in SVT and VT?

Answer 6

SVT - narrow QRS
VT - very wide QRS

Question 7

what med is used for vtach?

Answer 7

amiodarone

Question 8

what is tx for VFIB?

Answer 8

DFIB
CPR, epinephrine

Question 9

what is first action for asystole?

Answer 9

CPR

Question 10

what meds are used for asystole?

Answer 10

atropine, epinephrine and vasopressin

Question 11

what is the poem for first degree AV block?

Answer 11

if the R is far from the P, then you have a first degree

Question 12

what is the poem for Wenckebach (Type I 2nd degree AV block)?

Answer 12

longer, longer, longer drop, then you have a Wenckebach

Question 13

what are the tx measures for heart blocks?

Answer 13

oxygen
atropine
epinephrine
transcutaneous pacing
permanent pacemaker

Question 14

what is the poem for Mobitz II (2nd degree type II av block)?

Answer 14

if some P’s don’t get through (to ventricles), then you have a mobitz II

Question 14

what is the poem for 3rd degree AV block?

Answer 14

If Ps and Qs DONT agree, then you have a 3rd degree

Question 15

what occurs by chance for 3rd degree AV block that may make this rhythm difficult to determine?

Answer 15

sometimes the Ps and Qs sync by chance

Question 16

what is ischemia?

Answer 16

decreased blood flow that leads to hypoxia of tissue

Question 17

what is the major concern with mechanical valve replacement?

Answer 17

clot formation

Question 18

what med is contraindicated in aortic stenosis?

Answer 18

nitroglycerin
- can cause fatal hypotension

Question 19

what type of murmur is heard with mitral regurgitation?

Answer 19

loud holosystolic murmur

Question 20

what type of murmur is heard with harsh systolic murmur?

Answer 20

aortic stenosis

Question 21

what symptoms are present with mitral stenosis?

Answer 21

• s/s r/t blood backing up into lungs
• hemoptysis
• dyspnea on exertion
• PND (paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea)

Question 22

what is the most common cause of mitral stenosis?

Answer 22

rheumatic fever

Question 23

what may occur to the left ventricle as a result of aortic stenosis?

Answer 23

LV hypertrophy

Question 24

what are the dx for valve disease?

Answer 24

- TTE - TEE - ETT - chest x -ray - ECG/EKG

Question 25

If a pt has valve replacement, what med is required prior to invasive dental/oral procedures?

Answer 25

prophylactic ABX therapy

Question 26

what electrolytes must be closely monitored post-cardiac surgery?

Answer 26

K, Mg and Ca+

Question 27

what action should the nurse take if they note bleeding greater than 150ml/hr from a drain post-cardiac surgery?

Answer 27

report to surgeon

Question 28

what are the colonies of bacteria that grow on valves with infective endocarditis called?

Answer 28

vegetations

Question 29

what is common cause for infective endocarditis?

Answer 29

IVDA

Question 30

what are olser nodes?

Answer 30

painful, palpable nodes

Question 31

what are janeway lesions?

Answer 31

painless lesions on feet

Question 32

what meds are used for infective endocarditis?

Answer 32

PCNs, cephalosporins or vancomycin IV q 4-6 hr

Question 33

what are the components of Beck's triad?

Answer 33

JVD, muffled heart sounds and hypotension

Question 34

what patient education should be given for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 34

- avoid strenuous activity - drink lots of fluids

Question 35

what is the dx for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy?

Answer 35

ECHO

Question 36

what dysrhythmias is amiodarone given for?

Answer 36

a. fib and V-tach

Question 37

what is given for SVT?

Answer 37

adenosine

Question 38

what med is given for symptomatic bradycardia?

Answer 38

atropine

Question 39

what does an ABI between 0.5 - 0.8 indicate?

Answer 39

moderate arterial disease

Question 40

what does ABI less than 0.5 indicate?

Answer 40

severe arterial disease

Question 41

what does ABI > 1.4 indicate?

Answer 41

calcification/vessel hardening

Question 42

what should be avoided with statins?

Answer 42

grapefruit

Question 43

what side effect is caused by low dose niacin?

Answer 43

hot flashes