exam 1 heart failure/ peripheral

Question 1

A condition in which the heart is unable to adequately pump blood throughout the body and/or unable to prevent blood from “backing up” into the lungs.

Answer 1

Heart failure

Question 2

primary risk factors of Heart failure

Answer 2

coronary artery disease

Question 3

Heart failure usually begins with

Answer 3

left ventricle systolic dysfunction

Question 4

Failure of heart to pump blood forwards at a sufficient rate to meet metabolic demand

Answer 4

forward failure

Question 5

ability to pump sufficient blood to meet metabolic demand only if cardiac filling pressures are abnormally high

Answer 5

backward demand

Question 6

Shows congestion as white, dense areas, may show enlarged heart, liver congestion

Answer 6

CXR

Question 7

what lab values are altered

Answer 7

serum BNP

Question 8

diagnosis test that can be normal or could show ischemia, infarction, tach, hypertrophy,tamponade

Answer 8

ECG

Question 9

tells about L and R vent function, abnormal contraction, valve problems

Answer 9

echocardiogram

Question 10

used for patients with CAD

Answer 10

cardiac cath

Question 11

ejection fraction >70%

Answer 11

high function

Question 12

ejection fraction 55-70%

Answer 12

normal function

Question 13

ejection fraction 40-55%

Answer 13

low function

Question 14

ejection fraction

Answer 14

possible heart failure

Question 15

BNP

Answer 15

unlikely to form CHF

Question 16

BNP 100-500

Answer 16

may be CHF

Question 17

BNP over 500

Answer 17

most consistent with CHF

Question 18

what lung sound will you hear with heart failure

Answer 18

crackles

Question 19

what heart sounds do you hear with heart failure

Answer 19

S3 or S4

Question 20

what position would you place the patient in to reduce pulmonary congestion

Answer 20

high fowlers position

Question 21

used to reduce afterload

Answer 21

vasodilators

Question 22

used to increase ventricular contractility

Answer 22

inotropes

Question 23

block vasoconstriction and aldosterone decrease systemic vascular resistance, after load, preload

Answer 23

Ace inhibitors

Question 24

good for diastolic dysfunction, decrease heart rate to promote L atrium emptying and improve L vent volume, decrease myocardial O2 demand

Answer 24

beta blockers

Question 25

given with clinical s/s overload, increases urinary output which leads to decrease blood volume, preload, and cardiac workload

Answer 25

diuretics

Question 26

how much salt should they have a day

Answer 26

2 grams

Question 27

what is the only thing they should take for pain

Answer 27

tylenol

Question 28

no limitation of activities, no symptoms from ordinary activities

Answer 28

Class 1

Question 29

Mid limitation of activity, comfortable with rest or mild exertion

Answer 29

class 2

Question 30

marked limitation of activity, comfortable only at rest

Answer 30

class 3

Question 31

any physical activity brings on discomfort and symptoms occurs at rest

Answer 31

class 4

Question 32

progressive narrowing, degeneration, and obstruction of arteries of extremities, usually lower involved

Answer 32

chronic arterial occlusive disease

Question 33

calf muscle pain occurring when muscle is forced to contract without adequate blood supply, pain is alleviated with rest

Answer 33

intermittent claudication

Question 34

medication used for claudication

Answer 34

pentoxifylline and cilostazol

Question 35

incision is made into the artery and the atheromatous obstruction is removed Treatment of choice

Answer 35

endarterectomy

Question 36

can occur in healthy and diseased arteries resulting from thrombosis, embolism in healthy artery or trauma Occurs suddenly and without warning

Answer 36

acute arterial occlusive disease

Question 37

surgical repair where they remove embolus from artery

Answer 37

embolectomy

Question 38

graft from one femoral artery to other

Answer 38

femoral-femoral bypass

Question 39

graft from femoral artery to popliteal artery

Answer 39

femoral-popliteal bypass

Question 40

graft from aorta to iliac arteries

Answer 40

aortoiliac bypass

Question 41

Episodic vasospastic disorder of the cutaneous arteries most often involving the fingers and toes

Answer 41

raynauds phenomenon

Question 42

1st line therapy for raynauds phenomenon

Answer 42

sustained released calcium channel blockers

Question 43

makes up Virchows triad

Answer 43

Stasis Endothelial injury hypercoagulation

Question 44

develop in areas of slow or turbulent blood flow

Answer 44

thrombi

Question 45

is criterion standard but is not always accurate

Answer 45

venogram

Question 46

different degrees of compression to different parts of leg

Answer 46

graduated compression stockings

Question 47

uses air pump by inflating and deflating sleeves at regular intervals to stimulate venous return

Answer 47

External pneumatic compression sleeves

Question 48

is inserted into inferior vena cave to catch blood clots

Answer 48

greenfield

Question 49

usually have brownish discoloration around the medial malleolus of the ankle Skin is dry, cracked and itchy Subcutaneous tissue is fibrotic and atrophied

Answer 49

stasis ulcers

Question 50

A paste bandage with zinc oxide, glycerin, etc Applied without tension distal to proximal to below knee primary dressing applied first

Answer 50

Unna Boot