Exam 1:Hydration

Question 1

what is normal pH?

Answer 1

7.35-7.45

Question 2

what is normal CO2?

Answer 2

35-45

Question 3

what is normal HCO3?

Answer 3

22-26

Question 4

what is normal Magnesium (Mg) levels?

Answer 4

1.5-2.5

Question 5

What is normal Phosphorus (PO4) levels?

Answer 5

2.5-4.5

Question 6

What is normal Potassium (K+) levels?

Answer 6

3.5-5.2

Question 7

What is normal Calcium (Ca+) levels?

Answer 7

8.5-10

Question 8

What is normal Sodium (Na+) levels?

Answer 8

135-145

Question 9

What is normal Chloride (Cl-) levels?

Answer 9

98-106

Question 10

What are the following signs and symptoms of: diarrhea, Nausea, confusion, weakness, restless, anorexia, possible seizures, thirst, headaches, hypotension, Rapid pulse

Answer 10

Hyponatremia

Question 11

What are the following s&s of: SSALT (Swollen tongue, skin flushed, agitated, low grade fever, thirst, sticky mucous membranes)

Answer 11

Hypernatremia

Question 12

What are the following S&S of: Hyperactive DTRs, tetany, muscle(hypertonicity), weakness, twitching, slow shallow respirations, cardiac dysrhythmias, water excess

Answer 12

Hypochloremia

Question 13

What are the following S&S of: tachypnea, weakness, lethargy, deep and rapid respirations, diminished cognitive ability, hypertension

Answer 13

Hyperchloremia

Question 14

What are the following S&S of: SUCTION(Skeletal muscle weakness, Increased U-waves, Cardiac arrythmias, constipation, toxicity of digitalis, irregular pulse, orthostatic hypotension, numbness); flat or inverted T waves

Answer 14

Hypokalemia

Question 15

What are the following S&S of: MURDER (muscle weakness, urine oliguria, respiratory distress, decreased cardiac contractility, ECG(high T’s), Reflexes (hyperreflexia, flaccid)

Answer 15

Hyperkalemia

Question 16

What are the following S&S of:STANC(Spams/Stridors/Seizures, Tetany, Arrythmias, Numbness, Convulsions), prolonged ST QT, decreased PTH, larygospasms; slow clotting time

Answer 16

Hypocalcemia

Question 17

What are the following S&S of: Shortened QT and ST intervals, increased blood clots, Moans(fatigue), Groans(constipation), Bones(bone pain), Stones(kidney stones), Pyschiatric overtones(depressed, confusion), Can’t pick up the phone(muscle weakness,lack of cordination), Flanc pain

Answer 17

Hypercalcemia

Question 18

What are the two tests to determine hypocalcemia?

Answer 18

Chvostek’s sign and Trosseau’s sign

Question 19

What are the following S&S of: decreased stroke volume and CO, hypoxia, Rhabdomyolysis(breakdown of muscles), decreased bone density, Resp. failure

Answer 19

Hypophosphorus

Question 20

What are the following S&S of: CHEMO (Cardio irregularities, hyper refelxia, eating poorly, muscle weakness, and oliguria)

Answer 20

Hyperphosphorus

Question 21

What is Calicum on a teeter-totter with?

Answer 21

Phosphorus

Question 22

What are the following S&S of: STARVED(Seizures, Tetany, Anorexia or Arrythmias, Rapid heart rate, Vomitting, Emotional liability, Deep tendon reflexes), Hyperexcitability, hallucinations

Answer 22

Hypomagnesemia

Question 23

What are the following S&S of: everything slows down, prolonged PR intervals widens out; Decreased HR, vasodilation, decreased RR

Answer 23

Hypermagnesemia

Question 24

If MAG OUT (levels are high) we do what

Answer 24

we drop down, everything slows down

Question 25

If the MAG is put away (levels are low) we do what

Answer 25

We party like crazy and turn down for what

Question 26

A loss of lower GI causes Metabolic what?

Answer 26

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 27

A loss of from upper GI cause Metabolic what?

Answer 27

Metabolic Alkalosis

Question 28

Hypoventilation causes Respiratory what?

Answer 28

Respiratory Acidosis

Question 29

Hyperventilation causes respiratory what

Answer 29

Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 30

What are the following common causes of: excessive sweating, diuretics, hypoaldosterone, renal disease, low-salt diet, renal failure

Answer 30

hyponatremia

Question 31

What are the following common causes of: hyperaldosteronism, excessive ingestion of Na+, corticosteroids, Renal failure, OCCURS more

Answer 31

hypernatremia

Question 32

What are the following commone causes of: poor oral intake, V&D, suctioning, laxatives, blood transfusion, metabolic alkalosis, decreased Na levels, diuretics

Answer 32

hypochloremia

Question 33

What are the following common causes of: RARE TO OCCUR ALONE, loss of bicarbonate, head trauma, decreased GFR

Answer 33

hyperchloremia

Question 34

What are the following common causes of: alkalosis, hyperaldosterone, water intoxication, and suction

Answer 34

Hypokalemia

Question 35

What are the following common causes of: administration of K+, renal failure, Acidosis, blood transfusion, uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 35

Hyperkalemia

Question 36

What are the following common causes of: Inadequate oral intake, lactose intolerant, inadequate vitamin D

Answer 36

Hypocalcemia

Question 37

What are the following common causes of: Malignancy, hyperparathyroidism, excessive oral intake, renal failure, diuretics, immobilization, Paget's disease, Sarcoidosis, Milks alkali syndrome, addison's disease

Answer 37

Hypercalcemia

Question 38

What are the following common causes of: malnourishment, alcoholic withdrawal, DKA, major thermal burn, increased Ca+

Answer 38

Hypophosphorus

Question 39

What are the following common causes of: Renal failure, certain cancer treatments, hypoparathyroidism

Answer 39

Hyperphosphorus

Question 40

What are the following common causes of: Alcoholism, laxative abuse, diuretics, DKA, diarrhea, increased urinary output

Answer 40

Hypomagnesemia

Question 41

What are the following common causes of: RARE TO OCCUR, renal failure, tissue injury, pregnancy induced hypertension, eating a lot of antacids, untreated DKA

Answer 41

Hypermagnesemia