EXAM 1 Intro to Cariology Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in EXAM 1 Intro to Cariology Deck (20)
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1
Q

what are dental caries lesions?

A
  • lesions that occur due to activity within plaque that covers a toth
  • a multifactorial process of demineralization and concurrent remineralization, and are often reversible
2
Q

dental caries lesions are considered signs and symptoms of what?

A

metabolisms with plaque

3
Q

where can dental caries lesions occur?

A

enamel, dentin, or cementum

4
Q

what can happen in the biofilm is left undisturbed for a period of time on any tooth surface?

A

a caries lesion may form

5
Q

what is dental plaque?

A
  • a biofilm
  • an active community of microorganisms that work together
6
Q

what are signs and symptoms?

A

the effects of the metabolic processes within a community of microorganisms that work together for their own benefit

7
Q

what is the surgical model?

A
  • “drill, fill, and bill”
  • to “treat the source of infection” with a filling
    • patient needs to be more proactive
8
Q

describe the population health model

A
  • caries lesions are treated by elimination or reduction of risk factors
  • medicaments are used, in addition to oral hygeine education and nutritional education
  • no longer treta tooth by tooth, but treat the patient as a whole
9
Q

causal factors of dental caries include an agent, host, and environment. describe this.

A
  • agent
    • plaque biofilm
      • s. mutans, s. sobrinus, lactobacilli, and others
  • host
    • the tooth, saliva quanitity, saliva quality, immune responses
  • environment
    • dietary fermentable carbohydrates
10
Q

what are some host factors that contribute to dental caries?

A
  • tooth anatomy, texture of surface, protected surfaces
  • salivary flow rates
  • salivary quality and buffering capacity
  • systemic disease
11
Q

what are some environmental factors that contribute to dental caries?

A
  • diet
    • fermentable carbohydrates, frequency of meals, acidity of meals
  • oral hygiene and compliance
  • fluoride exposure
12
Q

what are some bacterial factors that contribute to dental caries?

A
  • streptococcus mutans and sobrinus
  • lactobacilli
  • other non-cariogenic bacteria can become cariogenic for shot periods of time under certain conditions
13
Q

describe streptococcus mutans

A
  • gram positive organisms
  • primary causative agent in the formation of dnetal caries
  • metabolizes sucrose to lactic acid
14
Q

the rate of caries formation is dependent on what?

A
  • frequent intake of carbohydrates
  • oral hygiene
  • saliva quantity
  • saliva quality
  • microbial status
  • tooth surface
  • host defense
15
Q

what is enamel composed of?

A
  • 95% mineral, 5% water
  • composed of long, thin crystallites of hydroxyapatite, or carbonated apatite
16
Q

once erupted, enamel is in dynamic transformation. describe

A
  • teeth slowly erupt, therefore enamel undergoes subclinical changes, due to exposure to oral microbes, and salivary minerals
  • once fully erupted into occlusion, enamel is also subjected to mechanical modifications
17
Q

describe dentin

A
  • mesodermal origin
  • 75% inorganic, 20% organic, 5% water
  • has reparative mechanism (odontoblasts)
  • works in concert with the pulp (dentino-pulpal organ)
18
Q

dentin is living tissue, made up of tubules, each of which contain ___

A

odontoblasts

19
Q

describe the types of dentin

A
  • primary dentin forms before eruption
  • secondary dentin forms through root formation
  • tertiary dentin forms in response to stimuli from the biproducts of bacterial invasion in advance of the bacteria
20
Q

describe the process of decay

A
  • begins with the dissolution of the minerals in the enamel
  • bacteria induce tubular sclerosis
  • zone of demineralization, results from acids produced by the bacteria
  • dentin is exposed to bacteria will decompose
  • reactive/reparative dentin may form before dentinal invasion