EXAM 1 Intro to Derm Products

Question 1

Drugs applied to skin can be for:

Answer 1

Local disease

Systemic disease

Question 2

Non-drug therapies can be used as ________

Answer 2

adjuncts

Question 3

determinant of pharmacologic response

Answer 3

1. permeability and penetration
2. concentration gradient
3. dosing
4. vehicle
5. occlusion

Question 4

permeability: greater for hydrated or dehydrate, flaky scaly

Answer 4

hydrated skin

Question 5

permeability: greater for thick or thin skin

Answer 5

thin skin

Question 6

permeability: greater for face, scrotum, axilla, scalp or arm, back thigh

Answer 6

face, scrotum, axilla, scalp

Question 7

permeability: foot, leg, hand or arm, back, thigh

Answer 7

arm, back, thigh

Question 8

permeability: cut, scratch, shave or no trauma

Answer 8

cut, scratch, shave

Question 9

greater concentration = greater or lower amount per unit time

Answer 9

greater

Question 10

____ may exist: ____ concentration necessary for effect

Answer 10

Threshold may exist: minimum concentration necessary for effect

Question 11

things that affect dosing

Answer 11

• time left on skin
• frequency
• quantity/area
• dermis: barrier or reservoir

Question 12

carrying agent that may have therapeutic effects itself and maximizes efficacy

Answer 12

vehicle

Question 13

physical properties of vehicles

Answer 13

• Scalp/Hairy Areas: tincture, lotion, gel, foam, aerosols, shampoo
• Lubricant: ointment, some creams
• Drying Effect: tincture, lotions & creams

Question 14

• Direct application or covering of an agent
• Maximizes efficacy
• Increases absorption and decreases evaporation
• Protection

Answer 14

occlusion

Question 15

goals of wet lesions

Answer 15

we want to dry them

Question 16

goal of dry lesions

Answer 16

we want to wet them

Question 17

way to dry/wet lesions

Answer 17

• Think base/vehicle
• Adjuncts to topical application
• Timing of different bases

Question 18

drug particle contained within vehicle/base

Answer 18

emulsions

Question 19

Most common vehicle

Most are oil-in-water

Answer 19

creams

Question 20

Commonly used, especially for chronic lesions

Good for dry lesions due to occlusive properties

Answer 20

ointments

Question 21

Solutions of powder in water

Answer 21

lotions

Question 22

Clear, nongreasy, nonstaining, nonocclusive, quick drying (bc have a lot of alcohol that quickly evaporates)

Answer 22

gels

Question 23

Evaporate quickly to cause drying

Often only dosage form for acute wounds that are weeping/oozing

Answer 23

solutions

Question 24

2 major classes:

• oil-in-water
• water-in-oil (more oil=more viscosity)

available in liquid and semi-solid forms

Answer 24

emulsions

Question 25

Application – rub in until vanishes (Pt education) Doesn't leave much residue No occlusion

Answer 25

creams

Question 26

Not good for intertriginous areas due to maceration Can be cosmetically unpleasing

Answer 26

ointments

Question 27

Good for tender areas because need less effort to apply

Answer 27

lotions

Question 28

Provide cooling and drying Good for large areas

Answer 28

lotions

Question 29

Good for visible areas because no residue

Answer 29

gels

Question 30

Can sting on application and be drying

Answer 30

gels

Question 31

Can be applied as dressing or patient can soak in the solution Can be added to bath for large application

Answer 31

solutions

Question 32

- Alcohol-based solution | - Used mainly for extreme drying properties

Answer 32

tinctures

Question 33

Drying and cooling Often used to absorb moisture and reduce friction

Answer 33

powders

Question 34

Caution if applying to very wet lesion as crusting can result and cause pain/irritation upon removal

Answer 34

powders

Question 35

Advantage is for very painful skin **Few Rx drugs available** Expensive and not efficient dosage form

Answer 35

aerosols

Question 36

acute inflammation

Answer 36

``` aqueous vehicles and water powder solutions lotions sprays aerosols ```

Question 37

subacute inflammation

Answer 37

creams | gels

Question 38

chronic inflammation

Answer 38

ointments

Question 39

ring shaped

Answer 39

annular | i.e. tinea

Question 40

acnelike

Answer 40

acneiform | i.e. acne vulgaris

Question 41

shaped like an arc

Answer 41

arcuate | i.e. syphilis

Question 42

circular

Answer 42

circinate | i.e. tinea

Question 43

lesions that run together

Answer 43

confluent | i.e. psoriasis, tinea

Question 44

lesions remain separate

Answer 44

discrete | i.e. psoriasis, tinea

Question 45

general terms for dry, red, flaky or lichenified skin without clear border

Answer 45

eczematous | i.e. chronic allergic contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis

Question 46

shaped like islands or continents; maplike

Answer 46

geographic | i.e. generalized psoriasis

Question 47

lesions clustered together

Answer 47

grouped | i.e. herpes

Question 48

appears like herpes simplex

Answer 48

herpetiform | i.e. herpes simplex

Question 49

irritant dermatitis in skin folds

Answer 49

intertrigo | i.e. diaper dermatitis

Question 50

looks like a bull's eye, lesion within a lesion, target lesion

Answer 50

iris | i.e. erythema multiforme

Question 51

horny thickening

Answer 51

keratotic | i.e. psoriasis, corn, callus

Question 52

shaped in lines

Answer 52

linear | i.e. poison ivy

Question 53

more than one type type or shape of lesion

Answer 53

multiform | i.e. erythema multiform

Question 54

papule with desquamination

Answer 54

papulosquamous | i.e. psoriasis

Question 55

snakelike lesions

Answer 55

serpiginous | i.e. cutaneous larva migrans

Question 56

appears like herpes zoster

Answer 56

zosteriform | i.e. herpes zoster

Question 57

non palpable flat change in color < 1cm

Answer 57

macule | i.e. freckles, flat moles

Question 58

non palpable flat change in color > 1cm

Answer 58

patch | i.e. vitiligo, cafe au last spots, chloasma

Question 59

palpable solid mass may have change in color <1cm

Answer 59

papule | i.e. verrucae, noninflammatory acne (comedones), raised nevus

Question 60

palpable solid mass most often below plane of skin 1-2cm

Answer 60

nodule | i.e. erythema nodosum, severe acne

Question 61

palpable solid mass >2cm most often above and below plane of skin

Answer 61

tumor | i.e. neoplasms

Question 62

flat elevated superficial papule with surface area greater than height > 1cm

Answer 62

plaque | i.e. psoriasis, seborrheic keratosis

Question 63

superficial area of cutaneous edema | fluid not confined to cavity

Answer 63

wheal | i.e. urticaria/hives, insect bite

Question 64

palpable fluid-filled cavity < 1cm filled with serous fluid (blister)

Answer 64

vesicle | i.e. herpes simplex, herpes zoster, contact dermatitis

Question 65

palpable fluid-filled cavity > 1cm filled with serous fluid (blister)

Answer 65

bulla | i.e. pemphigus vulgaris, second degree burn

Question 66

similar to vesicle but filled with purulent fluid

Answer 66

pustule | i.e. acne, impetigo, folliculitis

Question 67

plugged opening of sebaceous gland

Answer 67

comedone | i.e. acne, blackhead, whitehead

Question 68

palpable lesion filled with semiliquid material or fluid

Answer 68

cyst | i.e. sebaceous cyst

Question 69

accumulation of purulent material in dermis or subcutaneous layers of skin purulent material not visible on surface of skin

Answer 69

abscess

Question 70

inflammatory nodule involving a hair follicle, following an episode of folliculitis

Answer 70

furuncle | i.e. small boil

Question 71

coalescence of several furuncles

Answer 71

carbuncles | i.e. large boil

Question 72

loss of part or all the epidermis

Answer 72

erosion | i.e. ecthyma

Question 73

loss of epidermis and dermis

Answer 73

ulcer | i.e. stasis ulcer

Question 74

linear crack from epidermis to dermis

Answer 74

fissure | i.e. tinea pedis

Question 75

self-induced linear, traumatized area cause by intense scratching

Answer 75

excoriation | i.e. atopic dermatitis, extreme pruritis

Question 76

thinning of skin with loss of dermal tissue

Answer 76

atrophy | i.e. striae

Question 77

dried residue of pus, serum, or blood from a wound, pustule, or vesicle

Answer 77

crusts | i.e. impetigo, scabs

Question 78

thickening of epidermis accentuated skin markings usually induced by scratching or chronic inflammation

Answer 78

lichenification | i.e. atopic dermatitis, allergic contact dermatitis

Question 79

Want to ______ drying of wet lesions and improve ______ of dry lesions

Answer 79

Want to increase drying of wet lesions and improve hydration of dry lesions