Exam 1--Introduction Flashcards
(26 cards)
What is the focus of pharmaceutics II?
The design and development of various SAFE and STABLE dosage forms or drug delivery systems.
When a patient receives a medication, what is always done?
It is always administered through a dosage form or a drug delivery system.
What type of relationship is shown by a zero order process?
Non-linear.
What type of relationship is shown by a first order process?
Linear
What determines the expiration date of a drug?
The physical-chemical stability of the drug.
What is the most common expiration date?
2 years
What does flow depend on? What dosage form is it important in?
- Viscosity
* Important in liquid dosage forms
What are some examples of surface phenomenon?
- adsorption
- hygroscopicity
- surface tension
- interfacial tension
What are some examples of colligative properties?
- vapor pressure
- freezing point
- osmotic pressure
(role in isotonic solutions, calculation of osmolarity, and mEq)
What is considered to be a conventional solid dosage form?
- tablets that are immediate release (IR).
- powder as a dosage form
- hard and soft gelatin capsules
What two categories are solid dosage forms divided into?
- conventional solid dosage forms
* modified release or controlled release dosage forms
Describe a solution.
One phase, liquid, clear, and transparent.
Describe a suspension.
Two phases, powder is dispersed uniformly into a liquid medium.
Describe an emulsion.
Two phases (oil phase and aqueous phase), dispersed uniformly.
If you have a dosage form that contains an aqueous phase, what should you consider adding to it and why?
- preservatives
* without it, the dosage form can contain bacteria
What are semi-solid dosage forms?
They are between liquid and solid states.
Why are semi-solid dosage forms used? Where are they used?
- applied topically
* have local and systemic effects
What is included in semi-solid dosage forms?
- lotions
- ointments
- creams
- paste
- suppositories
- transdermal patches
- injectable
- inhalers/aerosols
List the viscosity of the following from most viscous to least viscous.
Cream, paste, ointment, lotion.
- paste (highest percentage of active ingredient)
- cream
- ointment
- lotion
What is special about transdermal dosage form packaging?
It lists the strength versus time (mg/hour)
What does USP mean?
United States Pharmacopeia
What will influence the lipophilicity of a therapeutic agent?
- molecular weight
* substituent groups
What can be used to improve the aqueous solubility of a drug?
- use of a co-solvent
- prepare as a suitable salt
- adjust the pH of a solution
What type of drug is available as sodium and potassium salts, and is more soluble at a higher pH?
Weak acidic drugs
