Exam 1 - Introduction to Epidemiology

Question 1

Name the four main parts of the Public Health Approach.

Answer 1

1) Surveillance
2) Risk Factor Identification
3) Intervention Evaluation
4) Implementation

Question 2

Name the public health core sciences (5).

Answer 2

1) Prevention effectiveness
2) Epidemiology
3) Laboratory
4) Informatics
5) Surveillance

Question 3

How is epidemiology defined?

Answer 3

As the study of the DISTRIBUTION and DETERMINANTS of health-related states among SPECIFIED POPULATIONS and the APPLICATION of that study to the control of health problems

Question 4

Epidemiology examines ______, ______, and _____ of disease outbreaks.

Answer 4

Epidemiology examines INCIDENCE, FREQUENCY, and PREVALENCE of disease outbreaks.

Question 5

____ is the rate of NEW cases.

Answer 5

INCIDENCE is the rate of NEW cases.

Question 6

____ is the rate of EXISTING cases.

Answer 6

PREVALENCE is the rate of EXISTING CASES.

Question 7

What does epidemiology study?

Answer 7

The interrelationship between the HOST, AGENT, and ENVIRONMENT.

Question 8

Host = ?

Answer 8

Organism

Question 9

Agent = ?

Answer 9

Cause

Question 10

Environment = ?

Answer 10

External factors

Question 11

Epidemiology has a focus on characteristics of what?

Answer 11

TIME, PLACE, and PEOPLE

Question 12

T/F: One purpose of epidemiology is to determine the relative importance of causes of illness, disability, and death.

Answer 12

TRUE

Question 13

T/F: One purpose of epidemiology is to identify those segments of the population that have the greatest risk from specific causes of ill health.

Answer 13

TRUE

Question 14

Define epidemic.

Answer 14

Disease occurrence among a population that is in EXCESS OF WHAT IS EXPECTED in a given time and place

Question 15

What is the term for disease or condition present among a population at all times?

Answer 15

ENDEMIC

Question 16

What is the term for a disease or condition that spreads across regions?

Answer 16

PANDEMIC

Question 17

What is the term for disease or occurrence among a population that is in excess of what is expected in a given time and place?

Answer 17

EPIDEMIC

Question 18

Name the first 4 major steps of solving health problems.

Answer 18

1) Data collection
2) Assessment
3) Hypothesis testing
4) Action

Question 19

What does step 1 of solving health problems involve?

Answer 19

Surveillance

Determine time, place, and person

Question 20

What does step 2 of solving health problems involve?

Answer 20

Inference

Question 21

What does step 3 of solving health problems involve?

Answer 21

Determine how and why

Question 22

What does step 4 of solving health problems involve?

Answer 22

Intervention

Question 23

Name the 2 epidemiology study types.

Answer 23

1) Experimental

2) Observational

Question 24

Name the sub-types of observational epidemiology study type.

Answer 24

1) Descriptive

2) Analytic

Question 25

What are the two types of epidemiology study types?

Answer 25

1) Experimental | 2) Observational

Question 26

What questions do experimental epidemiology study types seek to answer?

Answer 26

- When - Where - Who

Question 27

What questions do observational epidemiology study types seek to answer?

Answer 27

- How | - Why

Question 28

T/F: Descriptive leads to analytical.

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

In a ___-____ study, subjects are selected because they are members of a certain population subset at a certain time.

Answer 29

In a CROSS-SECTIONAL study, subjects are selected because they are members of a certain population subset at a certain time.

Question 30

T/F: A cross-sectional study defines the TARGET POPULATION.

Answer 30

TRUE

Question 31

T/F: In a cross-sectional study, participants are selected for their specific disease or exposure.

Answer 31

FALSE | -Participants are selected regardless of their exposure or disease status

Question 32

What is the name of the study in which subjects are categorized on the basis of their exposure to one or more risk factors?

Answer 32

COHORT STUDY

Question 33

List the important features of a cohort study.

Answer 33

- Following two groups over time - Compare outcomes - Exposure matters

Question 34

What is the name of the study in which subjects are identified as having a disease or condition and are compared with subjects without the same disease or condition?

Answer 34

CASE-CONTROL STUDY

Question 35

Name the study type: A study of heart disease comparing a group who eats healthy foods and exercises regularly with one who does not in an effort to test association.

Answer 35

Analytic

Question 36

Name the study type: A study to describe the eating habits of adolescents aged 13-18 years in community X.

Answer 36

Descriptive

Question 37

Name the study type: An epidemiologist is doing a study on the sleep patterns of college students but does not provide any intervention.

Answer 37

Observational

Question 38

Name the study type: Subjects with diabetes are compared with subjects without diabetes.

Answer 38

Case-control

Question 39

Name the study type: A study of women aged 50-60 years in a community located close to a nuclear power facility.

Answer 39

Cohort

Question 40

Name the study type: Subjects who have received nutritional counseling and who have exercised twice a week are compared with subjects who have not.

Answer 40

Cross-sectional