Exam 1 - jeopardy practice

Question 1

Amphetamines cause the release of neurotransmitters even in the absence of action potentials. What specific function of the neuron are they interfering with?

Answer 1

Opening of calcium channels

Question 2

Neuron A’s resting membrane potential is -60 mV. A _____ occurs, causing the membrane potential to change to -65 mV. This will make it _____ difficult for the neuron to reach the threshold for an action potential.

Answer 2

Hyperpolarization; more

Question 3

You want to remove the hippocampus to determine whether it is important to spatial memory in a mouse model. What method should you use to identify and remove it?

Answer 3

Stereotaxic surgery

Question 4

You want to identify the amount of neurotransmitter being released at a particular synapse. What method should you use?

Answer 4

Microdialysis / microscopy

Question 5

Reducing the number of GABAergic neurons in an animal model leads to _____

Answer 5

A withdraw of glutamate receptors

Question 6

Very dense folding contributes to an especially large surface area in this brain structure

Answer 6

Cerebellum

Question 7

These neurotransmitter systems are associated with small core of cells deep in the brain that project to the cortex

Answer 7

Diffuse modulatory systems (Ach, 5-HT, DA, NE)

Question 8

You want to create a _____ by inhibiting neuronal communication through manipulation of electrical currents on the brain’s surface. What method should you use?

Answer 8

Temporary lesion; TMS

Question 9

Within the limbic system, the _____ is associated with memory and the _____ is associated with emotion.

Answer 9

Hippocampus; amygdala

Question 10

According to the neuron doctrine, neurons are separate _____, _____, and _____.

Answer 10

Structurally, functionally, and metabolically

Question 11

This active force works to maintain the resting membrane potential.

Answer 11

Sodium-potassium pump

Question 12

An excessive release of glutamate can result in this

Answer 12

Excitotoxicity

Question 13

The resting membrane potential is _____; an action potential will be triggered at _____.

Answer 13

-65 mV; -40 mV

Question 14

You want to identify areas of the cortex active during face processing in infants. What method should you use?

Answer 14

NIRS/fNIRS

Question 15

You want to understand the change in membrane potential when different ion channels are opened and closed at a neuron. What method should you use?

Answer 15

Patch-clamping

Question 16

During this time, an action potential is impossible or highly unlikely

Answer 16

Refractory period

Question 17

Drug A out-competes Drug B for a particular receptor, but when it binds, Drug A does not activate this receptor. Drug A has high _____ for the receptors but low _____.

Answer 17

Affinity; efficacy

Question 18

_____ of marijuana results in more rapid effects on the brain than _____.

Answer 18

Inhalation; ingestion

Question 19

The central sulcus divides the _____ and _____.

Answer 19

Frontal and parietal lobes

Question 20

Serotonin can bind to two different receptors. At one receptor, a chloride ion channel opens, and at the other, a sodium ion channel opens. These receptors are _____ for serotonin.

Answer 20

Subtypes

Question 21

At resting state, where does K+ want to go, based on electrostatic pressure?

Answer 21

Into the cell

Question 22

What basic sensory information is processed by the temporal lobe?

Answer 22

Auditory

Question 23

Sarin is a nerve gas that acts at the neuromuscular junction, leading to paralysis and death. What neurotransmitter system is sarin probably interfering with?

Answer 23

Acetylcholine

Question 24

You create a mouse model in which neurons do not have functioning serotonin transporters. This will _____ messaging at serotinergic synapses?

Answer 24

Increase

Question 25

You want to establish a causal relation between Broca’s area and speech production. What method should you use?

Answer 25

Lesion studies, “fortuitous damage”

Question 26

Cajal wanted to establish that neurons were not continuous. What method did he use?

Answer 26

Staining / Golgi staining / microscopy

Question 27

In response to a drug, the brain will strive to maintain _____, by developing _____.

Answer 27

Homeostasis; tolerance

Question 28

Mice will press a button up to 5,000x in a 30 minute session, if this brain area is activated (associated with dopamine release)

Answer 28

Ventral tegmental area (VTA)

Question 29

A drug that binds to a receptor site but does not activate the receptor is known as an _____. To counteract its effect, neurons could _____ receptors.

Answer 29

Antagonist; upregulate

Question 30

These three common neurotransmitters are monoamines (derived from amino acids)

Answer 30

Serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine

Question 31

This neurotransmitter is involved in general inhibition in the brain

Answer 31

GABA

Question 32

When Drug A and Drug B are at a synapse in equal concentration, Drug A binds to more receptors. Drug A has a higher ____ than Drug B.

Answer 32

Affinity

Question 33

At resting state, there is a ____ concentration of Na+ inside the neuron, compared to outside the neuron.

Answer 33

Lesser

Question 34

You want to understand the change in size of the prefrontal cortex across childhood. What method should you use?

Answer 34

Structural MRI

Question 35

Bill loves chocolate cake and finds it very rewarding. Which neurotransmitter is involved in his processing of cake?

Answer 35

Dopamine

Question 36

The same number of neurotransmitters are able to bind to receptors whether or not Drug A is at a synapse interacting with the same receptors. Drug A must be acting ____.

Answer 36

Noncompetitively

Question 37

When ligands bind to these receptors, an ion channel is immediately opened

Answer 37

Ionotropic

Question 38

A drug blocks voltage-gated calcium channels on a presynaptic neuron. How will this disrupt communication between a presynaptic and postsynaptic neuron?

Answer 38

In will prevent the release of neurotransmitter into the synapse

Question 39

Cocaine acts at dopamine receptors by blocking ____

Answer 39

Reuptake/transporters

Question 40

This may be considered the sensory-relay station of the brain

Answer 40

Thalamus

Question 41

You take a drug that acts at GABAergic synapses and find that no GABA is being released from the presynaptic neuron. Name three ways the drug could prevent release.

Answer 41

Preventing production of the NT, Preventing transport of the NT, Preventing release of the NT at the synaptic cleft

Question 42

A high concentration of voltage-gated sodium channels are located at what part of the neuron?

Answer 42

Axon hillock