Exam 1-jeoprady questions Flashcards
(25 cards)
What aphasia has fluid speech, but it’s nonsense?
Wernicke’s aphasia
2 physical differences between humans and primates
teeth shape, vocal tract (humans is upside down “L”, animals is curve), Larnyx extended, oral cavities are larger
What do linguist call the smallest unit of language that has meaning?
morpheme
The “t”, “L”, “n”, “s” sounds are all part of…
alveolar ridge
Arbitrariness is part of the human language, but this is a counterexample
onomatopoeia: when word sounds like it’s meaning, arbitrariness: no natural connection between word and what it sounds like
What property of language allows humans to talk about things outside of “here” and “now”
displacement
What property of language explains why if an infant is born in France, but raised in the USA that it will not speak French fluently?
Cultural transmission
For what reason did linguists switch teaching apes to speak to teaching how to sign
apes cannot pronounce the same sounds as humans due to their vocal anatomy
Besides humans, which animals had most human language traits?
Alex the parrot
Who claimed that apes in sign language studies were just speaking to gain a reward (like a trick-to-reward system), rather than actually learning language?
Herbert Terrace, Steven Pinker
What theory explains why humans have such difficult time learning human language after a certain time period?
critical period
give an example of a minimal pair
told and gold–minimal pair: sound of words differs by 1 phoneme
What manner of articulation is produced by almost blocking the
airflow, then letting the air escape through a narrow gap, creating friction
fricative
What do we call tight bundle of nerves that connect from Brocher’s area to Wernicke’s area
Arcuate fasciculus
What is it called when a child overapplies a morphological rule
overgeneralization (“I come” instead of “I came”)
What is called when child overapplies the meaning of something
overextension (calling a goat a “dog” because they both have fur)
Who said that language consists of signs and signs consist of signifier and signified?
Fernard Saussure
What special alphabet do linguists use to precisely spell all different speech sounds
IPA (International Phonetic Alphabet)
Before brain surgery, how were scientists able to study brains?
autopsies on dead people
What type of Aphasia results in slow, bad grammar speech?
Brocha’s Aphasia
Who claimed that children learned language through operant conditioning?
Skinner (behavioral language)
Dull Books or Being afraid of talking in class is known as…
Affective Behavior (disliking language’s culture, teens don’t want to learn/are bored)
Who was viewed as the ideal test case for the critical period?
Genie
What animal was Clever Hans
Horse
