Exam 1: Last Year & Extra Material

Question 1

REQUIRED nutrients for all animals

Answer 1

Minerals
Lipids
Protein
Water
Vitamins

Question 2

Enzymatic digestion occurs in the gastric stomach

Answer 2

Protein

Question 3

Can be used to provide energy in the body

Answer 3

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein

Question 4

ALWAYS organic compounds

Answer 4

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein
Vitamins

Question 5

Enzymatic digestion occurs in the small intestine

Answer 5

Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein

Question 6

One example of an important structure-function relationship in the GI tract. Where does this occur in the GI tract and one example we discussed for a specific species.

Answer 6

Ruminants: have incisors on the bottom for biting off grass and large molars to chew forages which allow them to ruminate effectively

Question 7

Has limited large intestinal fermentation

Answer 7

Chicken

Question 8

Is an obligate carnivore

Answer 8

Cat

Question 9

A good research model for human GI tract

Answer 9

Pig

Question 10

Has a complex foregut

Answer 10

Cattle

Question 11

Why do various structures in the GI tract work to decrease feed particle size?

Answer 11

As particle size decreases, surface area increases, and digestibility increases

Question 12

CHO

Answer 12

Carbohydrates

Question 13

AA

Answer 13

Amino Acids

Question 14

VFA

Answer 14

Volatile Fatty Acids

Question 15

Enterocyte

Answer 15

Absorptive cell in the small intestine

Question 16

Non-essential FA

Answer 16

A fatty acid not needed in the diet because the animal can make it with the proper substrate

Question 17

Proventriculus

Answer 17

Gastric stomach in birds

Question 18

Midgut

Answer 18

Small Intestine

Question 19

Cellulose digestibility

Answer 19

Horses < Cattle

Question 20

Passage Rate

Answer 20

Hindgut fermenters > Ruminants

Question 21

Digestion of nutrients

Answer 21

Small intestine > stomach

Question 22

Capacity in pigs

Answer 22

Foregut = Midgut

Question 23

Capacity in ruminants

Answer 23

Midgut < Foregut

Question 24

Capacity in ponies

Answer 24

Large intestine > Small intestine

Question 25

Pepsin

Answer 25

Protein digestion

Question 26

Ventriculus

Answer 26

Mechanical digestion (grinding)

Question 27

Motility

Answer 27

Move digesta to next section

Question 28

Cephalic phase

Answer 28

Regulation of secretions - saliva

Question 29

Mucus

Answer 29

Protection from HCl & enzymes

Question 30

Villus

Answer 30

Increase surface area for absorption

Question 31

Incisors

Answer 31

Front teeth that bite off food

Question 32

4 main processes of nutrition

Answer 32

1. Ingest feed 2. Digest feed 3. Absorb nutrients 4. Use nutrients

Question 33

3 ways the GI tract protects itself from chemical secreted to digest feed

Answer 33

1. Salvia protects teeth 2. Mucus in stomach and small intestine 3. Secretion of HCl separately in stomach

Question 34

What nutrient always contain nitrogen

Answer 34

Proteins

Question 35

Which if the following is NOT true regarding the gastric stomach

Answer 35

HCl it’s important for food breakdown

Question 36

Which of these does the GI tract NOT do

Answer 36

Have a lumen that in on the inside of the body

Question 37

Which of these is NOT a way the GI tract protects itself from pathogens present in feed

Answer 37

Zymogens

Question 38

Which of these is secured as a zymogen

Answer 38

Proteases

Question 39

What is the function of small intestinal crypts

Answer 39

To house stem cells that multiply to provide enterocytes and other epithelial cells

Question 40

Which of the following is NOT true about saliva

Answer 40

It is regulated almost entirely by hormones

Question 41

How do the GI tracts of chickens compare with pigs

Answer 41

1. Organic compounds are broken down by microbes 2. Pigs rely more on their teeth to decrease particle size than chickens do 3. Chickens have less Hindgut fermentation than pigs 4. Chickens have a storage pouch along the esophagus, but pigs do not

Question 42

Which if these is NOT true about fermentation

Answer 42

The goal of microbes is to provide goof products for the host

Question 43

Why can horse eat a forage-based diet

Answer 43

They have a large, ensacculated/sacculated cecum and colon

Question 44

Which of the following is NOT true about digestion and absorption

Answer 44

Major enzymatic digestion begins in the gastric stomach