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2025 - Intro to Surgery 737A > EXAM 1: Lecture 2 - Common surgical instruments > Flashcards

EXAM 1: Lecture 2 - Common surgical instruments Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 8 categories of instruments

A

scalpels, scissors, needle holders/drivers, tissue forceps, hemostatic forceps, tissue forceps, retractors, and miscellaneous instruments

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2
Q

what can happen if you use an instruments for a procedure/task that its not meant for

A

you can dull or break them

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3
Q

what is the primary cutting instrument that is used to incise tissue

A

scalpels

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4
Q

what are the most common scalpel handles used in vet med

A

numbers 3 and 4

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5
Q

What are the different sizes of scalpels

A

10, 15, 11, and 12 blades

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6
Q

what is a 10 blade used for

A

SA surgery and incision/excision of tissues

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7
Q

what is a 15 blade used for

A

a smaller version of a 10 blade and is used for precise incisions in small tissues

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8
Q

what is 11 blade used for

A

ideal for stab incisions into fluid-filled structors or organs

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9
Q

what is a 12 blade used for

A

it has a curved angle and is most often used in elective dissection onychectomy (declawing)

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10
Q

what type of blade is this

A

10 blade

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11
Q

what type of blade is this

A

15 blade

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12
Q

what type of blade is this

A

11 blade

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13
Q

what type of blade is this

A

12 blade

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14
Q

what number scalpel blade goes on a #4 handle

A

20 blade

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15
Q

what are cutting scalpels used for and what angle should you keep it at

A

slide cutting, keep it at a perpendicular angle to the skin surface

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16
Q

what are the 3 types of scalpel grips

A

pencil, fingertip, and palmed grip

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17
Q

describe when the pencil grip is used on scalpel

A

for shorter (1-2cm), finer, and more precise incisions

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18
Q

what angle is the pencil grip to the tissue

A

30-40 degree angle greater than the tissue

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19
Q

what is the purpose of the angle for the pencil grip and what is the downfall

A

the angle reduces edge contact making it less useful for long incisions

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20
Q

what grip is this

A

pencil grip

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21
Q

what grip is this

A

fingertip/slide grip

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22
Q

what is the benefit of the fingertip grip on scalpel

A

offers the best accuracy and stability for long incisions (>2cm)

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23
Q

what type of grip is this

A

palmed grip

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24
Q

when do you use the palmed grip on the scalpel and what are the benefits

A

strongest hold on scalpel, allows exertion of great pressure on the tissue. Used mainly in necropsy

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25
what is 1
jaw length
26
what is 2
box lock
27
what is 3
shank
28
what is 4
ring handles
29
what is 5
ratchet
30
how are scissors classified
type of point, blade shape, and cutting edge
31
what are curved scissors good for
offer greater maneuverability and visibility
32
what are straight scissors good for
provide the greatest mechanical advantage when cutting tough/thick tissue
33
what are the 2 most common scissors used in SA surgery
metzenbaum and mayo scissors
34
describe metzenbaums
more delicate than mayo, designed for sharp and blunt dissection/incision of finer tissue
35
describe mayo scissors
used for cutting dense, heavy tissues such as fascia
36
what type of scissor used in the OR to cut suture
suture scissors
37
what type of scissors are used to remove suture
suture removal scissors
38
what are the difference between suture scissors and suture removal scissors
suture removal scissors have a curved tip to remove skin sutures
39
What are iris/tenotomy scissors used for
they are delicate scissors used in ophthalmic procedures
40
what type of scissors are these
curved iris scissors
41
what type of scissors are these
straight iris scissors
42
what are bandage scissors mainly used for
they have a blunt tip which helps reduce the risk of cutting skin when removing a bandage
43
what type of grip is this
wide-based tripod grip
44
what type of grip is this
backhand grip
45
when do you use the backhand grip of scissors
when cutting from left to right
46
T/F: Using the end of the blade of a scissor stabilizes tissue more and allows for a more precise cut
TRUE
47
When is blunt dissection used and when should it not be used
may be used to separate loosely bound tissues (muscle/fat) or to undermine skin edges for wound closure. May not be used in tougher tissue or where precise cuts are possible
48
what are the scissors from left to right
suture removal scissors, sharp-blunt, metzenbaum, mayo, wire, and tenotomy
49
How do you determine what size/type of needle holders you need
by characteristics of the needle to be held and location of tissue to be sutured
50
what is EXTREMELY important to remember about needle holders
grasping suture with needle holders weakens the suture and makes it more likely to break. Grasp suture ONLY at sutures end where it will not be in the surgical knot
51
what type of needle holders are these
Olsen-hegar because of the cutting portion
52
what type of needle holders are these
Mayo-hegar becase there is NO cutting portion
53
What are the two type of closing/latch mechanisms that needle holders use
ratchet lock or spring and latch mechanism
54
What type of needle holders are these
Mathieu needle holders, have a ratchet lock at the proximal end
55
what type of needle holders are these
Castroviejo needle holders
56
How should you place your needle holders and needles
perpendicular to each other for the greatest maneuverability
57
Why do we hold the needle near the eye/swage
maximum needle length is available for use and there is reduced risk of needle slippage
58
What are the 4 grips of needle holders
palmed, thenar, thumb-ring finger, pencil grip
59
what type of grip is this
palmed
60
what type of grip is this
Thenar grip
61
What type of grip is this
thumb-ring finger grip
62
what type of grip is this
Pencil grip
63
What are tissue forceps used for
used to grasp tissue
64
what are the types of tips for forceps are there
pointed, flat, round, smooth, serrated with small or large teeth
65
What type of forceps should be used for manipulation of delicate tissue (viscera/blood vessels)
forceps with smooth tips
66
Describe the most common tissue forceps
have small serrations on the tips that minimize trauma but facilitate holding tissue securely (like brown-adson)
67
What should you remember about the tissue forcep grip
used in non-dominant hand and holding the shanks in the palm greatly limit maneuverability
68
what are the forceps from left to right
bishop-harmon smooth tip, bishop-harmon toothed, brown-adson, 1x2 tissue, serrated, and Debakey
69
what are the forcepts from top to botom
1x2 tissue (rat tooth), brown-adson, bishop-harmon smooth tip
70
what type of forceps are these
DeBakey
71
What are hemostatic forceps
they are crushing instruments used to clamp blood vessels
72
what type of hemostat is this
mosquito
73
what type of hemostat is this
Angiotribe hemostats
74
what type of hemostatic forcep is this
kelly hemostats
75
what type of hemostatic forceps is this
crile hemostats
76
When are kelly and crile hemostats used
on larger vessels
77
when are rochester-carmalt forceps used
larger crushing forceps used to control large tissue bundles (ex - used during a spay)
78
when are satinsky forceps used
they are specialized cardiovascular forceps that allow occlusion of only a portion of the vessel
79
what type of hemostatic forceps is this
Rochester-carmalt
80
what type of hemostatic forceps is this
Satinsky forceps
81
what are the type of hemostatic forceps from left to right
mosquito, kelly, rochester-carmalt
82
What are tissue forceps
forceps used to grasp/clamp tissue
83
when are allis tissue forceps used
they have interlocking sharp teeth, used to firmly grasp tissue that is going to be removed from the body
84
what type of tissue forceps is this
allis tissue
85
when are babcock forceps used
they have broad, flared, blunt grasping tips that are more delicate and used carefully on tissue that is remaining in the body
86
What type of tissue forceps
babcock tissue forceps
87
when are doyen forceps used
they are noncrushing, occluding forceps that are used to temporarily occlude the lumen of the bowel
88
what type of tissue forcep
doyen intestinal forceps
89
when are retractors used
to retract tissue and improve visualization
90
what are senn (rake) retractors
small, double-ended retractors with 3 small fingerlike projections on one end and a flat curved blade on the other
91
what are army-navy retractors
larger with blunt, broad blades on each end for retraction of large amounts of tissue
92
what type of retractor from top to bottom?
senn, army-navy, malleable, and hohmann
93
what type of retractors
senn retractor
94
what are self retaining retractors
they maintain tension on tissue and are held open with a boxlock or another device
95
what type of retractor
gelpi
96
what type of retractor
Weitlaner
97
what type of retractors
Finochietto
98
what type of retractors
Balfour
99
what are these called
magnifying loupes
100
what are these
arthrex meniscal knives
101
what type of suction from top to bottom
poole, yankauer, and frazier
102
what type of clamps from left to right
backhaus towel clamps, allis tissue forceps, babcock forceps
103
what are these and what are the names from left to right
Rongeurs lempert, ruskin, kerrison
104
what are these
duck-bill double-action rongeurs
105
what are these and what are they from left to right
bone-holding forceps AO reduction forceps, large speed-lock reduction forceps, lane bone-holding forceps, and small clamshell reduction forceps
106
what are these
periosteal elevators
107
what are these? from top to bottom
top - AO round edge bottom - AO curved blade and straight edge
108
what is this
Freer periosteal elevator
109
what are these from top to bottom
Chisel, mallet, orthopedic wire, and wire twisters
110
what are these from left to right
Jacobs chuck and key Steinmann pins and kirschner wires Bone cutters
111
What is this
hall air drill and assorted bits
112
what are these from left to right
lens loop, small nerve root retractor, tartar scraper, freer dissection, large right angle nerve root retractor

2025 - Intro to Surgery 737A (29 decks)

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