Exam 1 Material

Question 0

Name the 11 western states not including South Dakota

Answer 0

Washington, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Oregon, Nevada, Idaho, Utah, Montana, Wyoming, Colorado

Question 1

Zoological classification of sheep

Answer 1

K- animalia
P- Chordata
C- mammalian 
O- Artiodactyla 
F- bovidae
G- ovis
S-Aries

Question 2

Reasons for sheep decline

Answer 2

Low returns - high risk
Labor shortage
Grazing allotments 
Synthetics
Prestige
WW11

Question 3

Definition of gland and the types of glands sheep have:

Answer 3

An organ that secretes a substance to be used in the body or to be eliminated from the body.

Suborbital
Interdigital
Sweat
Sebaceous

Question 4

Suborbital gland

Answer 4

Beneath corner of eye. Consists of wastes of body metabolism that must be discharged

Question 5

Interdigital gland

Answer 5

Located between the toes of each foot as well as the groin area. Oily waste product of body metabolism. Has a particular Oder which allows ewes to find rest of flock or lambs find mothers from where they walked. Ducts can become plugged which results in lameness.

6 total

Question 6

Sweat glands

Answer 6

Located over entire body.

Secretes SUINT in wool (water and potassium)

Question 7

Sebaceous glands

Answer 7

All over body

Secretion primarily cholesterol - gives wool greasy feeling and protects it from weather damage.

Cholesterol + suint = YOLK

Question 8

%shrink formula

Answer 8

% shrink = (grease wt. - clean wt.) / grease wt. * 100

Question 9

Slaughter weight

Answer 9

100-120 lbs

Question 10

Estrous cycle

Answer 10

17 days

Question 11

Heat period

Answer 11

20-42 hours

Question 12

Gestation period

Answer 12

147 days

Question 13

6 characteristics of sheep

Answer 13

Form of horns 
Mature body size
Size and shape of ears
Leg color
Mouth/teeth
Wool

Question 14

Hank

Answer 14

A standard length of single strand yarn per lb of clean wool

1 hank = 560 yd.

Question 15

Wool grading systems

Answer 15

• blood grade system
• spinning counts (based on hank)
• diameter of individual fibers in microns (higher grade = less microns)

Question 16

TDN

Answer 16

Total digestible nutrients: sum of all digestible organic nutrients in a feedstuff or diet.

Question 17

CP=

Answer 17

Nitrogen * 6.25

Question 18

Types of feedstuffs for sheep

Answer 18

Roughage 90%

Concentrate 10%

Question 19

Virtues of wool

Answer 19

Porous, insulator, light weight, dye goes directly into fiber, durable, non-flammable, easily felted, resilient, static resistant, versatile

Question 20

Steps for manufacturing wool

Answer 20

1) shear
2) sort
3) dust
4) scour
5) dry
6) card
7) gill
8) combing
9) spin, rove, wind, & twist
10) weave
11) dye
12) finish

Question 21

Coarsest and poorest wool

Answer 21

Britch wool - from thigh and twist region

Question 22

Wool heavy in vegetable matter

Answer 22

Burry wool

Question 23

The act of treating wool with chemicals usually acids to destroy and remove the burrs w/o serious damage to the wool

Answer 23

Carbonizing

Question 24

A machine used to separate the wool fibers by opening locks or tufts of wool. Contains multiple rows of teeth

Answer 24

Card

Question 25

Carding

Answer 25

An operation which converts loose, clean, scoured wool into continuous, untwisted strands.

Question 26

Carpet wool

Answer 26

Coarse, harsh,strong, and more suitable for carpets than fabrics. Mix of course fibers and hair. Small amts produced in us

Question 27

Clip

Answer 27

The total annual production from any given flock, state, or country

Question 28

Clothing wool length

Answer 28

Under 1 1/2 inches

Question 29

Combing

Answer 29

An operation in the worsted system of removal of the short fibers (noils) and foreign impurities

Question 30

Combing wools

Answer 30

Over 2 3/4 inches with an increase on length as the wool becomes coarser

Question 31

Felting

Answer 31

The property of wool fibers to interlock when rubbed together under conditions of heat, moisture, and pressure.

Question 32

French combing wools

Answer 32

Wools intermediate in length btwn strictly combing ad clothing. Can handle fine wools from 1 1/4 to 2 1/2 in. Yarn softer and loftier than worsted

Question 33

Fribs

Answer 33

Second cuts, short lengths of fibers

Question 34

A process of washing or cleansing wool of grease, soil, and suint by washing in a water-soap alkali solution

Answer 34

Scouring

Question 35

Noils

Answer 35

The short fibers that are removed from the staple wool in the combing or top making process

Question 36

Virgin wool

Answer 36

Wool that has been clipped from a live sheep and that has not been previously advanced in manufacturing to the stage where it contains twist.

Question 37

Warp

Answer 37

The yarns running lengthwise in a fabric

Question 38

Fine grade counts

Answer 38

80s - 62s

Question 39

1/2 grade counts

Answer 39

60s - 58s

Question 40

3/8 grade counts

Answer 40

56s - 54s

Question 41

1/4 grade counts

Answer 41

50s - 48s

Question 42

Low 1/4 grade counts

Answer 42

46s

Question 43

Common or braid grade counts

Answer 43

44s - 36s

Question 44

What % of wool is clothing and what are the categories

Answer 44

93% Woolens and worsted

Question 45

Woolens

Answer 45

<2 in regardless of grade Processed crosswise to provide a fuzzy appearance Ex. Tweed, flannel, broadcloth, Kersey, mackinaw

Question 46

Worsted

Answer 46

>2in long regardless of grade Cooler than woolens and fibers are processed parallel Ex. Serge, gabardine, rep, coverts

Question 47

Why is staple length important

Answer 47

Fiber length determines the processing system a fleece will go through

Question 48

Physical structure of wool

Answer 48

Epidermis - outer layer composed of scales Cortex - the main part of the fiber composes 90% of the fiber mass Medulla - the center honey comb like core contains air spaces ( absent in fine)

Question 49

Sliver

Answer 49

An untwisted strand of the textile fiber produced by carding or combing and ready for drawing, roving, or spinning

Question 50

Drawing

Answer 50

To change shape by pulling or stretching

Question 51

Roving

Answer 51

To join textile fibers with a straight twist or pull

Question 52

Yarn

Answer 52

A continuous strand of fibers used in weaving or knitting to form cloth

Question 53

Weave

Answer 53

Interlace strands of yarn (warp filling threads)

Question 54

Knit

Answer 54

To interlace yarn or thread in a series of connected loops with needles

Question 55

Felt

Answer 55

Cloth napped and shrunk with heat, moisture, chemicals, a d pressure. Fibers woven crossways

Question 56

Warp

Answer 56

Series of yarn extending length wise In a loom and crossed by woof

Question 57

Woof

Answer 57

A filling thread

Question 58

Chemical composition of wool

Answer 58

``` 50% carbon 25% oxygen 16% nitrogen 7% hydrogen 2% sulfur ```

Question 59

``` Wool characteristics: Fibers/sq in In in diameter Length Crimps ```

Answer 59

5,000-50,000 fibers/sq in .0007-.0016 inches in diameter 1-20 in long 5-36 crimps per in

Question 60

Lamb milk replacer

Answer 60

``` 24% protein (milk) (casein) 30% fat (homogenized) 22-25% lactose No more than 10% ash No more than .35% crude fiber Vitamin A, D-3, & E 250 g/ton of Neomycin ```

Question 61

Overeating disease

Answer 61

Enterotoxemia | Vaccinate at 5, 8, and 11 weeks