Exam 1 Material

Question 1

Who gets bit most by animals?

Answer 1

Children

Question 2

How many bite accidents are from dogs?

Answer 2

80%

Question 3

Severe Bites

Answer 3

> multiple bites
shakes the victim

Question 4

Are people normally bitten by their pets?

Answer 4

Yes, usually on their extremities

Question 5

Bacteria comes from:

Answer 5

> animals mouth
person’s skin

Question 6

Gram Negative:

Answer 6

Pink stain, lipids are present

Question 7

What is the most common species of Campylobacteriosis?

Answer 7

C.Jejuni

Question 8

Brucellosis in cattle causes what?

Answer 8

early abortions

Question 9

Pathogenic E.Coli:

Answer 9

O157 and H7

Question 10

What causes bloody diarrhea?

Answer 10

E.Coli (for this exam)

Question 11

Hemorrahagic colitis:

Answer 11

bloody diarrhea

Question 12

HUS:

Answer 12

hemolytic uremic syndrome

Question 13

What animal is the primary carrier for E.Coli?

Answer 13

Cattle

Question 14

Salmonellosis

Answer 14

Takes a large dose to overcome gastric acidity and to compete with normal intestinal flora

Question 15

Emerging infectious diseases:

Answer 15

those caused by new agents or previously know agents appearing in species or places previously unkown

Question 16

Zoonoses:

Answer 16

those diseases shared in nature between animals and man

Question 17

Direct zoonoses:

Answer 17

Can be maintained in nature by 1 vertebrate species (ex: skunk rabies in South East, TX)

Question 18

Cyclozoonoses:

Answer 18

Requires more than 1 vertebrate species to be maintained in nature

Question 19

Metazoonoses:

Answer 19

Life cycle requires both vertebrate and invertebrate host (ex: ticks)

Question 20

Saprozoonoses:

Answer 20

Depends on inanimate development sites as well as vertebrate host (ex: soil)

Question 21

Reservoir:

Answer 21

site where etiological agent multiplies and is responsible for its survival

Question 22

Pathogen:

Answer 22

Microbe capable of causing a disease

Question 23

Vector:

Answer 23

> animate
method of transmisson from an animate object (ticks and mosquitoes)

Question 24

Fomite:

Answer 24

> inanimate
method of transmisson from an inanimate object

Question 25

Biological vector:

Answer 25

agent multiplies or completes life cycle in vector

Question 26

Mechanical vectors:

Answer 26

agent physically transferred by vector to host. Vector body parts contaminated with agents

Question 27

Vertical transmission:

Answer 27

spread parent to offspring, always direct

Question 28

Acute:

Answer 28

rapid onset, severe symptoms, short course

Question 29

Chronic:

Answer 29

slower development, usually less severe, continual or recurrent clinical signs

Question 30

Are infectious diseases always contagious?

Answer 30

No

Question 31

Morbidity rate:

Answer 31

rate of sickness within a population. Infection rate.

Question 32

Mortality rate:

Answer 32

Ratio of number of deaths compared to exposed population. Death rate.

Question 33

Endemic:

Answer 33

Disease always present in a population in a specific geographical location

Question 34

Sporadic:

Answer 34

Few isolated cases in a widespread area

Question 35

Epidemic:

Answer 35

Disease has sudden onset and widespread outbreak

Question 36

Pandemic:

Answer 36

Widespread epidemic across continents

Question 37

Quarantine:

Answer 37

keep animal separated for longest incubation time

Question 38

Isolation:

Answer 38

keep animal separated for total time it could transmit disease

Question 39

Incubation Time:

Answer 39

time from exposure to a disease and the first clinical signs

Question 40

USDA/APHIS:

Answer 40

main facility that deals with animal health/issues

Question 41

Innate immunity:

Answer 41

the bodies immediate response to challenge from antigen (molecule that triggers and immune response)

Question 42

First line of defense:

Answer 42

skin and mucous membranes

Question 43

Second line of defense:

Answer 43

fever and inflammation

Question 44

Classical signs of inflmmation:

Answer 44

Redness, heat, and swelling

Question 45

Activated Immunity:

Answer 45

activated when it comes into the environment

Question 46

Naturally acquired:

Answer 46

acquired unintentionally > Active: antigen enters body unintentionally > Passive: antibodies enter body through natural process

Question 47

Artificially acquired:

Answer 47

intentional introduction antigens and or antibodies into body. > Active: antigen enters body through intentional source (ex: vaccine) > Passive: pre formed antibodies injected into body

Question 48

Lymphocytes:

Answer 48

white blood cells > B lymphocytes: humoral immunity, antibody production > T lymphocytes: cell mediated immunity

Question 49

Specificity:

Answer 49

Property of test to detect only certain antibodies or antigens and not react to unrelated antibodies or antigens.

Question 50

Sensitivity:

Answer 50

Capability of test to detect small amounts of antibodies or antigens

Question 51

Agglutination test:

Answer 51

forms visible clumps (ex: brucellosis card test: clotting= positive)

Question 52

Elisa test:

Answer 52

ex: heartworm test

Question 53

Blotting Test

Answer 53

Another type of test

Question 54

PCR tests:

Answer 54

checks for dna, is very sensitive and specific

Question 55

Gram positive:

Answer 55

purple, no lipids present

Question 56

Anthrax:

Answer 56

> spores in soil, weather conditions (wet spring, dry summer) > EVERYTHING is contaminated in the body > Spleen in cattle is what you use to detect > Cutaneous anthrax is the only form that is contagious human to human > Systemic anthrax: blood stream: meningitis: "cardinals cap" > Crime Bioterror agent, difficult to grow to use for a weapon

Question 57

Brucellosis:

Answer 57

> Most deadly in cattle > Hypothalamus is the thermostat for the body > WRITE IT: most common species for people: Brucella melitensis > Controlling in a herd: test to slaughter, and vaccinate > Vaccination: VET ONLY, identified with tattoo and orange clip in right ear > Bulls are not vaccinated but they can get the disease and it causes infertility > In people, the term is undulant fever