Exam 1 Material

Question 1

Neuron Function (3 things)

Answer 1

receive, process, and transmit information

Question 2

How do neurons receive, process, and transmit info

Answer 2

Through chemical AND electrical signals

Question 3

Muscle cell does not (compared to neuron)

Answer 3

process or transmit

Question 4

all eukaryotic cells have a…

Answer 4

membrane potential

Question 5

Unipolar components

Answer 5

Soma which contains nucleus, single projection fiber - bacon typically OR dendrite

Question 6

Bipolar components

Answer 6

nucleus containing soma, 2 projection fibers projecting in opposite directions

Question 7

Psuedo uni(or bi)polar components

Answer 7

nucleus containing soma, one project fiver that splits into two

Question 8

Multipolar components

Answer 8

nucleus containing soma, multiple project fibers

Question 9

Axosomatic

Answer 9

pre-synaptic synapses on soma, inhibitory, keeps cell under control

Question 10

axodendritic

Answer 10

pre-synaptic synapses onto spines or shaft of dendrite, excitatory, firing of AP

Question 11

axo-axonic

Answer 11

pre-synaptic synapses onto axon terminal, modulatory (doesn’t excite or inhibit), doesn’t control AP, regulates the amount of NT released

Question 12

Efferent

Answer 12

Exciting From

Question 13

Afferent

Answer 13

going to – project into spinal cord

Question 14

Projection Neuron

Answer 14

dendrite and soma in one region and axon and synapse in another location

Question 15

Interneuron

Answer 15

receive and send signals in same region

Question 16

Excitatory

Answer 16

cells downstream become more depolarized – increase in activity

Question 17

Inhibitory

Answer 17

inhibit the next cell from firing an AP

Question 18

Cause of concentration gradient

Answer 18

varying levels of salts (ions) on either side of the membrane

Question 19

electrical gradient caused by

Answer 19

the ions that are in varying levels on either side

Question 20

Voltage

Answer 20

electrical gradient - requires two chambers separated by an insulator (membrane)

Question 21

Membrane potential (Vm)

Answer 21

inside of the cell vs. outside of the cell

Question 22

Resting Membrane potential (Vrest) range

Answer 22

-40 to -80mV

Question 23

describe voltage when there is no permeability (conductance)

Answer 23

voltage remains constant

Question 24

If there is permeability (conductance) present there is….

Answer 24

current

Question 25

Current

Answer 25

flow of electrical charge/ net movement of the ion

Question 26

If barrier is equally permeable

Answer 26

There will be current until the ion concentration and/or charge are equal on both sides then there with be no current or voltage

Question 27

Need (blank) to get (blank) but you do not need (blank to get (blank)

Answer 27

Need VOLTAGE to get CURRENT but you do not need CURRENT to get VOLTAGE

Question 28

Concentration gradient has another term that means the same thing

Answer 28

Chemical gradient

Question 29

Concentration Gradient

Answer 29

all molecules want to move from high to low concentration & it is ion specific

Question 30

Electrical gradient

Answer 30

must have charged molecules, ions will move toward the opposite charge, sum total charge on one side of the barrier

Question 31

Equation for Driving Force

Answer 31

DF = CG +EG

Question 32

Equation for Current

Answer 32

I = DF * g

Question 33

I =

Answer 33

Current

Question 34

g =

Answer 34

Conductance

Question 35

There are three different kinds of potentials... what are they

Answer 35

receptor, synaptic, action