Exam 1 Meds (Category, Class, SE/AE, Nursing Consideration/Intervention))

Question 1

amoxicillin (Amoxil)

Answer 1

cell wall synthesis inhibitor
broad spectrum penicillin antibiotic
SE: allergic reaction
Nrsg: Assess for allergy to penicillin or cephalosporin/obtain C&S before abx therapy

Question 2

ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Answer 2

cell wall synthesis inhibitor
3rd gen cephalosporin antibiotic (respiratory infection)
SE: nephrotoxicity, pseudomonas colitis, anaphylaxis (contraindicated for PCN), superinfection of oral or vaginal candidiasis

Question 3

vancomycin

Answer 3

cell wall synthesis inhibitor
glycopeptide antibiotic (for MRSA, pseudomembranous colitis caused by C. diff)
SE: red man syndrome (occurs when IV is administered too rapidly), ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity
Nrsg: administer over 1-2 hrs IV

Question 4

azithromycin (Zithromax)

Answer 4

protein synthesis inhibitor
macrolide antibiotic
SE: photosensitivity, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity
Nrsg: penicillin substitute

Question 5

doxycycline (tetracycline)

Answer 5

protein synthesis inhibitor
tetracycline antibiotic (acne, H. Pylori, STIs)
SE: discoloration of teeth; CNS toxicity (nightmares)
Nrsg: NO antacid; can take have food and milk products (2hr before or after); do NOT give to children <8 y/o; pregnancy cat D

Question 6

tetracycline (Sumycin)

Answer 6

protein synthesis inhibitor
tetracycline antibiotic (acne, H. Pylori, STIs)
SE: discoloration of teeth; CNS toxicity (nightmares)
Nrsg: NO antacid; NO food or milk; do NOT give to children <8 y/o; pregnancy cat D

Question 7

gentamicin (Geramycin)

Answer 7

protein synthesis inhibitor
aminoglycoside antibiotic (serious systemic infections)
SE: ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity
Nrsg: narrow TI so check P&T; check for hearing loss and renal function

Question 8

ciprofloxacin (Cipro)

Answer 8

DNA synthesis Inhibitor
fluoroquinolone (bacteriostatic)
SE: tendon rupture; tendonitis; serious heart dysrhythmias
Nrsg: NO antacids; monitor HR, increase fluids; monitor blood glucose

Question 9

levofloxacin (Levoquin)

Answer 9

DNA synthesis Inhibitor
fluoroquinolone (bacteriostatic)
SE: tendon rupture; tendonitis; serious heart dysrhythmias
Nrsg: NO antacids; increases effect of oral hypoglycemic and caffeine, monitor HR, increase fluids; monitor blood glucose

Question 10

trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim)

Answer 10

Metabolism inhibitor
sulfonamide (bacteriostatic) (for UTI)
SE: crystalluria, photosensitivity
Nrsg: increase fluids b/c crystallization my cause kidney stones or kidney failure

Question 11

isoniazid (INH)

Answer 11

1st line TB drug (inhibit cell wall synthesis)
SE: peripheral neuropathy; liver toxicity
Nrsg: vitamin B6; eat 1-2 hrs before or after; NO alcohol; no OTC drugs

Question 12

rifampin

Answer 12

1st line TB drug (inhibits enzymes needed for protein synthesis)
SE: reddish-orange secretions; liver toxicity
Nrsg: no alcohol; do NOT take with food; no OTC drugs

Question 13

ethambutol

Answer 13

1st line TB drug (inhibits cell wall synthesis)
SE: optic neuritis; increase uric acid; liver toxicity
Nrsg: no alcohol; no OTC drugs

Question 14

amphotericin B (Fungizone)

Answer 14

antifungal
polyene (serious systemic fungal infection)
SE: “shake and bake” within 1-3 hrs (fever, chills, HA, tachycardia, hypotension); electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia), nephrotoxicity
Nrsg: pretreat 30-60min before with acetaminophen, diphenhydramine, hydrocortisone; monitor BUN and creat; watch for OTC b/c of drug interactions

Question 15

nystatin (Mycostatin)

Answer 15

antifungal
polyene (serious candida infection)
“swish and swallow”
SE: electrolyte imbalance (hypokalemia), nephrotoxicity
Nrsg: monitor BUN and creat ; watch for OTC b/c of drug interactions

Question 16

diphenhydramine (Benadryl)

Answer 16

H1 Receptor Antagonist (antihistamine)
1st generation (allergy/common cold)
SE: drowsiness; dry mouth; urinary hesitancy; photosensitivity
Nrsg: avoid CNS suppressants

Question 17

cetirizine (Zyrtec)

Answer 17

H1 Receptor Antagonist (antihistamine)
2nd generation, non-sedating (allergy/common cold)
SE: fewer anticholinergic side effects

Question 18

albuterol (Proventil)

Answer 18

Bronchodilators
Short-acting beta agonist (rescue treatment)
SE: tachycardia, palpitations, tremor
Nrsg: avoid caffeine

Question 19

salmeterol

Answer 19

Bronchodilator
Long-acting beta agonist (prevent asthma attacks)
SE: tachycardia, palpitations, tremor
Nrsg: avoid caffeine

Question 20

theophylline (Thodur)

Answer 20

Bronchodilator
Methylxanthine
SE: N/V, tachycardia, palpitations, tremor
Nrsg: reduce caffeine intake

Question 21

Beclomethasone

Answer 21

Inhaled Corticosteroid (prevent respiratory distress)
SE: oral candidiasis, dysphonia
Nrsg: use spacer and rinse mouth

Question 22

insulin lispro (Humalog)
Additional: peak? onset? duration?

Answer 22

rapid-acting insulin
onset: 5-15 mins
peak: 30min-1hr
duration: 2-4 hrs
SE: increased hypoglycemia with alcohol, BBs/decreased hypoglycemia with thiazides, glucocorticoids, smoking, beta agonists

Question 23

regular human insulin (Humalin R)

Additional: peak? onset? duration?

Answer 23

short-acting insulin
onset: 30-60 mins
peak: 2-3 hrs
duration: 3-4 hrs
SE: increased hypoglycemia with alcohol, BBs/decreased hypoglycemia with thiazides, glucocorticoids, smoking, beta agonists

Question 24

Humilin N

Additional: peak? onset? duration?

Answer 24

intermediate-acting insulin
onset: 2-4 hrs
peak: 4-12 hrs
duration: 18-24 hrs
SE: increased hypoglycemia with alcohol, BBs/decreased hypoglycemia with thiazides, glucocorticoids, smoking, beta agonists

Question 25

``` insulin glargine (Lantus) Additional: peak? onset? duration? ```

Answer 25

``` long-acting insulin onset: 1 hr duration: 24 hrs (given at bedtime) SE: increased hypoglycemia with alcohol, BBs/decreased hypoglycemia with thiazides, glucocorticoids, smoking, beta agonists ```

Question 26

glipizide (Glucotrol)

Answer 26

2nd generation sulfonylurea (stimulate pancreatic beta cells to secrete more insulin) Nrsg: administer with food; NOT recommended for peds, pregnancy, or breastfeeding

Question 27

glyburide (Diabeta)

Answer 27

2nd generation sulfonylurea (stimulate pancreatic beta cells to secrete more insulin) Nrsg: administer with food; NOT recommended for peds, pregnancy, or breastfeeding

Question 28

metformin (Glucophage)

Answer 28

Biguanide (act on liver to reduce release of glucose from stored glycogen) AE: lactic acidosis with pts with HF or RF Nrsg: hold for 48 hrs before and after iodinated contract media; may take 3-4 mos to start working; for those OVER 10 y/o; NOT recommended for pregnancy or breastfeeding

Question 29

dapagliflozin (Farxiga)

Answer 29

Selective Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 (prevents kidneys from reabsorbing glucose that was filtered from the blood into the urine) AE: vaginal/urinary tract infections; hyperkalemia; dehydration