Exam 1 (Microevolution)

Question 1

microevolution

Answer 1

-evolutionary change within a lineage

-occurs continuously.
Depending upon the organism and the circumstances, it can tranItsform a lineage dramatically over time.

Question 2

stasis

Answer 2

a lineage may appear to remain the same over time

Question 3

Macroevolution

Answer 3

origin and extinction of lineages.

It can happen gradually, or slowly

Question 4

population

Answer 4

smallest unit where evolutionary change is possible.

Question 5

Population genetics

Answer 5

study of evolution via the observation and modeling of allele frequencies and genetic change in populations of organisms

Question 6

allele frequency

Answer 6

the proportion of a specific allele at a given locus, considering that the population may contain from one to many alleles at that locus

Question 7

genotype frequency

Answer 7

the proportion of a specific genotype at a given locus, considering that many different genotypes may be possible.

Question 8

phenotype frequency (def and how to calculate)

Answer 8

proportion of individuals in a population that exhibit a given phenotype

To calculate the frequency of a phenotype, count the number of individuals with that phenotype, and divide by the total. Therefore, the frequency of the yellow phenotype in the population below is 4/10=.40

Question 9

Genotype Frequencies-

how to calculate

Answer 9

To calculate the frequency of a genotype in the population, find the total number of individuals in the population with that genotype, and divide by the population size, N

Question 10

Allele Frequencies

Answer 10

To calculate the frequency of an allele in the population, add the total number of homozygotes for that allele to half the heterozygotes, and divide by the population size, N.

Question 11

What is the consequence of changes in allele frequency?

Answer 11

Evolutionary change

Question 12

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 12

Situation which no evolution is occurring (genetic equilibrium)

Question 13

Assumptions of the hardy-Weinberg equilibrium

Answer 13

1. Infinite population size
2. no allele flow
3. Random mating
4. No selection (equal fitness)

Question 14

5 different ways in which evolution occurs.

Answer 14

• genetic drift
• allele flow
• mutation
• non random mating
• natural selection

Question 15

genetic drift

Answer 15

change in allele frequency by random chance. It occurs if a population is not infinite in size.

Question 16

Allele flow

Answer 16

change in allele frequency that occurs because individuals move among populations.

Question 17

Mutation

Answer 17

biochemical change in DNA that one allele into another and creates alleles

Question 18

Non-random mating

Answer 18

evolution that occurs because individuals select mates based on their characteristics.

Question 19

Natural selection

Answer 19

evolution that occurs because different genotypes have different fitness

Question 20

heritable mutations

Answer 20

kind that can be passed on to the next generation.