Exam 1 Misc

Question 1

What is meant by standard precautions?

Answer 1

Use of handwashing, gloves, gowns, masks whenever exposed to patient’s body fluid

Question 2

Name a body fluid for which standard precautions do not apply

Answer 2

Sweat

Question 3

What is CLIA, and which federal agencies are responsible?

Answer 3

Clinical laboratory improvement amendments

FDA, Center for Medicaid services, CDC

Question 4

List the unique role of each agency in lab testing regulations:
FDA, Center for Medicaid services, CDC

Answer 4

FDA – categorizes complexity
CMS – rules and regulations
CDC – technical standards and guidelines

Question 5

Name the three borders of the antecubital fossa

Answer 5

Superior: imaginary line between epicondyles
Medial: pronator teres muscle
Lateral: brachioradialis muscle

Question 6

List the contents of the antecubital fossa from lateral to medial

Answer 6

Radial nerve, biceps tendon, brachial artery, median nerve

Question 7

List the order of tube collection in venipuncture

Answer 7

Blood cultures first, then red, blue, green, lavender, gray

non-additive tubes, Coag tubes, heparin tubes, EDTA – K3 tubes, oxalate fluoride tubes

Question 8

List differences between plasma and serum

Answer 8

Plasma – anticoagulated blood has been centrifuged, anticoagulants needed for separation, fibrinogen present, given to patients who lack blood cells
Serum – coagulated blood has been centrifuged, anticoagulants not needed, no fibrinogen, good for checking blood groups and disease diagnosis

Question 9

What is most important to ask a patient before performing an arterial puncture?

Answer 9

Ask if they take any anticoagulants

Question 10

What three things does an arterial blood gas measure?

Answer 10

Oxygen, carbon dioxide, pH

Question 11

List situations in which ABG should not be drawn

Answer 11

Abnormal modified Allen test, local infection, AV fistula or vascular graft presence, severe peripheral vascular disease, anticoagulation therapy

Question 12

Explain how to perform modified Allen test

Answer 12

Occlude ulnar and radial artery with hand clenched, release ulnar artery and observe hand flushing (should occur within 5 to 15 seconds)

Question 13

List indications for skin/capillary puncture

Answer 13

Fingertips (adults and small children), heel (pediatric patients), earlobe (adults)

Question 14

What do B cells give rise to?

Answer 14

Antibodies and plasma

Question 15

List three causes of leukocytosis

Answer 15

Myeloproliferative disorders, infection, tissue necrosis

Question 16

List three causes of leukopenia

Answer 16

Viral infection, drugs (chemo), autoimmune disease, aplastic anemia

Question 17

List an example of an airborne, droplet, and contact transmitted disease

Answer 17

Airborne – chickenpox
Droplet – influenza
Contact – herpes simplex