EXAM 1 Mood Disorders Flashcards
(31 cards)
Mood disorders are characterized by?
Disturbance in regulation of mood, behavior, affect
What are the two types of mood disorders?
Only depressive symptoms (unipolar)
Depressive and Manic symptoms (bipolar)
What is depression characterized by?
- Sadness
- Feelings of worthlessness and guilt
- Withdrawal from others
- Changes in sleep and appetite
What is mania characterized by?
- Intense elation or irritability
- Hyperactivity, talkativeness, distractibility
What are the causes of mood disorders?
- Medications,
- heart diseases,
- cancers (pancreas or oropharynx),
- cerebrovascular diseases (PD, dementia, etc),
- thyroid disorder (hypo)
What areas of the brain are being affected by mood disorders?
1) limbic system: affect motion
2) basal ganglia: movements
3) prefrontal cortex: thought process
What is the pathophysiology behind Major Depressive Disorder (MDD)?
1) Genetics (DRD4.2 gene - influences dopamine function, MDD)
2) Neurotransmitters (decrease Noradrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin)
What is the pathophysiology behind Mania?
1) Genetics
2) Neurotransmitters (increase noradrenaline and dopamine, decrease serotonin)
MDD Definition
- Depressed mood on a daily basis for a minimum duration of 2 weeks.
- Profound loss of pleasure in all enjoyable activities (anhedonia).
MDD Symptoms
HINT: Think of things/thoughts that happen when you first get out of bed
- Changes in sleep patterns
- Changes in appetite, and weight
- Sadness, indifference, apathy, or
- Irritability, motor agitation or retardation, fatigue
- Impaired concentration and decision making
- Feelings of shame or guilt; and
- Thoughts of death or dying
How many symptoms of MDD do you need for a dx?
Need to have at least 4 or put into different sub-classifications of MDD
What are the 3 sub-classifications of MDD?
1) Episodic = Symptoms tend to dissipate over time (getting over a break-up)
2) Recurrent = Once depression occurs, future episodes likely
3) Subclinical depression = Sadness plus 3 other symptoms for 10 days, Significant impairments in functioning even though full diagnostic criteria are not met
Dysthymic Disorder (Dysthymia)
Chronic depression - Depressed mood for at least 2 years (w/out major depression)
What are the symptoms for Dysthymia?
2 of the following:
- Poor appetite or overeating
- Sleeping too much or too little
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Loss of energy
- Feelings of worthlessness
- Difficulty concentrating or indecisiveness
- Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide
Double Depression
Dysthymia PLUS major depressive episode
Bipolar Disorder
Alternating episodes of depression and mania
Hypomania
- Less intense mania
- > 4 days of elevated mood
- Doesn’t interfere with functioning
- Not DSM disorder by itself
Bipolar I
- More severe
- At least one of the following: Depressive episode or Mania episode or Mixed episode
Bipolar II
- Milder
- At least one major depressive episode WITH at least one episode of hypomania
Cyclothymic disorder (Cyclothymia)
-Numerous periods of hypomanic + depressive symptoms -Milder, chronic -Duration: 2 years *Similar to Dysthymia, but add in mania*
Subtypes of Depressive and Bipolar Disorders
1) Seasonal affective disorder (SAD): mood disorders that follow a seasonal pattern of recurrence. eg., persons with depressive episodes in the fall or winter and mania (BD I) or hypomania (BD II) in spring or summer.
2) Rapid cycling: At least 4 episodes within past year
3) Postpartum onset: Within 4 weeks of giving birth
4) Catatonic features: Extreme physical immobility or excessive peculiar physical movement
5) Psychotic features: Delusions or hallucinations
6) Melancholic: Inability to experience pleasure (anhedonia)
Anorexia Nervosa
- Restrict caloric intake so body weight deviates significantly from age, gender, health, and developmental norms.
- Exhibit a fear of gaining weight and an associated disturbance in body image.
- self-inflicted starving*
Pica
-Individual, over age 2, eats one or more
nonnutritive, nonfood substances >1 mth &
requires medical attention as a result.
-EX: clay, starch, soap, paper, or ash.
normally will go away, but if it continues it’s Pica
Bulimia Nervosa
-Engage in recurrent and frequent (at least once a
week for 3 months) periods of binge eating.
-Binge eating itself is defined as excessive food
intake in a prescribed period of time, usually
