Exam 1 Notecards Flashcards
(32 cards)
(1486-1521)
Who left Spain on Sept. 15, 1815 with 5 ships looking for a western route to Spice Island? It was a four month voyage, and he ended up landing on the coast of the Philippines. He returned home with 1 ship and 18 men.
Ferdinand Megellan
Known to have the best sailors. They pursued three strategies:
- Establish networks of naval and trading stations on the coast of Africa
- Established colonies and oversaw settlements of Portuguese people.
- Reinstated plantation slavery.
Portugal
(1460-1524)
He is the most famous to get around the coast of Africa. He sailed to Calicut, India and brings back a cargo 60x worth the cost of the initial voyage. He arrived in the Swahili city-states in 1498 where Swahili leaders immediately chose to trade with Portugal or were eventually forced to trade.
Vasco da Gama
(1451-1506)
On October 12, 1492, he set out on a voyage looking for a trade route to Asia. He ended up landing in the America’s instead due to his belief that the world was 1/4 covered in water when it was actually 2/3 covered in water. He died believing he had found the trade route to Asia until later proven wrong by Magellan.
Christopher Columbus
the first European colony, which is present day Haiti and the Dominican Republic. This place was the first to experience mass depopulation. Having 1 million people when Columbus arrived to less than 30,000 in 1518. The main factor for the mass depopulation was disease.
Hispaniola
People who were given the privilege of to enslave a set number of local people to dig for gold and silver.
Encomendros
(1451-1512)
A Florentine navigator; the man that the America’s are named after. He followed Columbus to the America’s on several voyages. He claimed that America was a continent separate from Asia.
Amerigo Vespucci
The dominant power in Central America by warfare. They had 25 million people, and their war method was “fight to capture” along with glass swords. They fought neighboring peoples to keep a constant amount of captives for religious sacrifices and laborers.
Aztecs
The Aztec capitol who made residents pay tribute such as corn, virgins for sacrifice, chocolate, and silver. It was larger than any European city of the time. The city collapsed in 1519 when Cortes led a rebellion and overthrew the city leaders,
Tenochtitlan
visits the Central American lands in 1519 with 600 men, guns, and horses. He sees the Aztec Empire and decides to conquer it. He befriends the villages captured by the Aztecs and forms alliances with them. He won the war solely due to disease (especially smallpox). In one generation, 92% of the population was gone.
Herman Cortes
the number one power in South America, including 4-6 million people.
Incas
In 1531, he arrives in what is now known as Panama to take over the Incas. He somewhat takes after Cortes by showing up with 200 men, guns, and horses. He schedules meetings with the Incan leaders and murders them. But he does not take over the Incan Empire until 1560.
Francisco Pizzaro
the transfer of goods from the New World, Spain, and Africa. From the New World came potatoes, corn, tobacco, beans, squash and tomatoes. Spain brought wheat, grapes, suagr, and rice, and Africa contributed slaves, yams, okra, and collards.
The Colombian Exchange
IN 1494, this treaty declared that Spain had to share the New World with Portugal. This is important because this lead to the Portuguese finding fertile land and planting sugar. Sugar soon became the most valuable commodity coming from the New World and soon Portugal began a modest transatlantic slave trade to have people to harvest and grow the sugar.
Treaty of Tordesillias
A collection of government policies for the regulation of economic activities by and for the state.
Mercantilism
Between 1515-1518, he came up with two ideas:
1. Doctrine of Justification by Faith - you don’t need to buy indulgences to get forgiveness or to enter heaven.
2. Priesthood of Believers - you don’t need an ordained priest to teach you about God or to confess your sins to, you can directly talk to God.
He nails his 95 Theses to the door of the church on October 31, 1517. This is important because it ignites the Protestant Reformation. He soon begins attacking the pope by proclaiming the pope had no special powers. In 1521, he was excommunicated from the church.
Martin Luther
Native to France, but becomes famous in Switzerland. The city of Geneva, Switzerland invited Calvin to start a new “Jerusalem” society. He then comes up with Calvinism. It has two main principles:
1. Strict Moral-ism: people should behave as the Bible says they should and if they don’t they should be forced.
1. The Reprobate: people who have already been determined to go to Heaven.
Class did not determine who went where.
John Calvin
Calvinism
the ______________________ was from the top down to the bottom meaning it started with the King and worked it’s way down to the peasants. It was driven by the political problem of King Henry wanting divorce from his wife, Catherine of Aragon. He was in love with Anne Boelyn. This led to the Reformation of Parliament in 1529. Over 7 years of laws passed to make the King the head of church in England. This happened so that King Henry could divorce Catherine and marry Anne. Anne eventually gave birth to a little girl named Elizabeth, then Anne was later executed due to Henry being dissatisfied with the daughter. The significance of this is is because his daughter Mary (Catherine’s daughter) was Protestant . Elizabeth then succeed Mary and the Anglican church came about. It looks Catholic but reads Protestant, meaning it has the physical looks of a Catholic cathedral but teaches Protestant beliefs.
English Reformation
The _______________________ was the Catholic’s response to the Parliament Reformation’s challenge. They responded with the Society of Jesus and the Council of Trent.
Counter Reformation
Jesuits were taught to control themselves and complete mastory plus absolute no questioning the church. They were missionaries outside of Europe.
Society of Jesus
(1545-1563)
meeting the Catholic hierarchy which ended the sale of indulgences, reformed the priests but didn’t change the doctrine.
Council of Trent
He was a premiere theorists of absolutism. He was the author of “Lerithan” (1631) and set out to answer why we set up societies. He believed humans created society for safety and security. The rulers agreed to rule and keep people safe, and the people agreed to obey.
Thomas Hobbes
The good era of him was between 1661-1685, and the bad era was from 1685-1715. France had surpassed Spain in leading Europe during his reign. He was known as the Sun King because everything seemed to revolve around him. He persecuted French protestants and in 1598 he passes the Edict of Nantes which legalized protestantism. This caused major religious wars in France and in 1685 he revoked the Edict of Nantes and declares protestenism illegal. He also executes or exiles all the ministers.
Louis XIV
the author of “Contract Theory of Government” which discussed a formed government to protect our Natural Rights (life, liberty, and property). He stated that our natural rights were given by God and can only be taken away by God. He also believed that power lies within the people.
John Locke
