exam 1 nutrition

Question 1

enzyme

Answer 1

compounds that help speed up reactions

Question 2

coenzymes

Answer 2

work with enzymes to speed up reaction

Question 3

nutrient density

Answer 3

high nutrients, low kcal

Question 4

energy density

Answer 4

kcals per volume of food

Question 5

Dietary Reference Intake

Answer 5

identify amount of nutrients needed in specific lifestage

Question 6

6 types of DRI’s

Answer 6

Estimated average requirement (EAR)
Recommended dietary allowance (RDA)
Adequate Intake (AI)
Tolerable upper Limit (UL)
Acceptable Macro distribution range (AMDR)

Question 7

What must food labels include?

Answer 7

• name of food
• net weight
• name + address of manufacturer/distributor
• list of ingredients by weight

Question 8

nutrients to limit

Answer 8

• added sugars
• saturated fat
• sodium
• alcohol

Question 9

major organs of digestion

Answer 9

• mouth
• pharynx
• esophagus
• stomach
• small intestine
• large intestine
• rectum/anus

Question 10

accessory organs of digestion

Answer 10

• salivary glands
• liver
• gallbladder
• pancreas

Question 11

bolus

Answer 11

mass of chewed food

Question 12

chyme

Answer 12

mass after stomach

Question 13

where does most digestion occur

Answer 13

small intestine

Question 14

segmentation

Answer 14

muscular contractions that mixes food in both directions

Question 15

peristalsis

Answer 15

muscular contractions that pushes food down in one direction

Question 16

mechanical digestion

Answer 16

chewing, grinding, squeezing

Question 17

chemical digestion

Answer 17

breakdown through enzyme reactions

Question 18

cells of the stomach

Answer 18

• goblet cells: secrete mucus
• chief cells: secrete pepsinogen
• parietal cells: secrete HCl and intrinsic factor

Question 19

segments of the small intestine

Answer 19

• duodenum
• jejunum
• ileum

Question 20

segments of the large intestine

Answer 20

• cecum
• colon
• rectum

Question 21

what do salivary glands do?

Answer 21

secrete salivary amylase and lysozyme

Question 22

what is the function of the liver?

Answer 22

metabolizes carbs, produces proteins, produces bile

Question 23

what is the function of the gallbladder?

Answer 23

receives bile from the liver then secretes it to small intestine

Question 24

what is the function of the pancreas

Answer 24

releases hormones that regulate glucose, secretes enzymes to small intestine

Question 25

hydrolysis

Answer 25

breaking of bonds between 2 molecules using water

Question 26

passive diffusion

Answer 26

nutrients pass through cell membrane - no ATP - no carrier protein

Question 27

facilitated diffusion

Answer 27

passes through cell membrane w carrier protein - no ATP

Question 28

active transport

Answer 28

passes through cell membrane w ATP and carrier protein

Question 29

endocytosis

Answer 29

nutrients are engulfed by cell membrane

Question 30

simple carbohydrate

Answer 30

1-2 sugar units

Question 31

complex carbohydrates

Answer 31

more than 2 sugar units

Question 32

what are the two simple carbs?

Answer 32

monosaccharides and disaccharides

Question 33

what are the three monosaccharides?

Answer 33

- glucose - fructose - galactose

Question 34

what are the three disaccharides?

Answer 34

- sucrose - lactose -maltose

Question 35

what are the two complex carbs?

Answer 35

- oligosaccharides - polysaccharides

Question 36

what are the two oligosaccharides?

Answer 36

- raffinose -stachyose

Question 37

what are the two polysaccharides?

Answer 37

- starch -glycogen

Question 38

what are the two types of starches?

Answer 38

- amylose - amylopectin

Question 39

soluble fiber

Answer 39

- absorbed by water - gel like form forms in GI tract

Question 40

insoluble fiber

Answer 40

- not absorbed by water - provides bulk in stool - increases transit time

Question 41

what is the storage form of glucose in animals?

Answer 41

glycogen