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Exam 1 Part 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What does a fever mean?

A

100.4 degrees F

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2
Q

TF: Temperature values differ based on the location it is obtained?

A

True
Mouth, armpit, ear, forehead, rectal

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3
Q

What is the range for normal body temperature?

A

97.8 - 99F

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4
Q

What are the complications of a fever?

A

Febrile seizure (not bad)
Dehydration
Change in mental status
Coma
Increased risk of complications in infants and geriatric

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5
Q

How do you convert F to C?

A

5/9 *(F-32)

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6
Q

How do you go from C to F?

A

(9/5 *C) +32

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7
Q

Who regulates thermometers as medical devices?

A

FDA

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8
Q

What route is reccomended for taking temperature for infants?

A

Rectal

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9
Q

How do you find true temp from oral temp?

A

It is a degree below core temp

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10
Q

What is the problem with taking temp by ear?

A

Problems with technique

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11
Q

Why is skin a problem route for taking temp?

A

Imprecise

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12
Q

What is the temp for a fever in the armpit?

A

98.96F

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13
Q

What is the temp for fever via rectum?

A

over 100.4F

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14
Q

What is the temp for fever via oral?

A

Over 100

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15
Q

How off are digital thermometers?

A

0.2 degrees F

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16
Q

How off are basal therms?

A

0.01 degrees F

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17
Q

How off are infra red therms?

A

0.2 degrees F

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18
Q

How off are non contact therms?

A

0.4 F

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19
Q

How off are color change therms?

A

around 2 degrees F

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20
Q

What should you avoid for oral thermometers?

A

Exercise and hot or cold items for at least 5 min before reading

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21
Q

To get accurate results for oral thermometers what should you do?

A

Place under tongue slightly to one side of mouth for recommended time

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22
Q

What is the most accurate thermometer?

A

Rectal thermometer

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23
Q

How do you use rectal thermometer?

A

Insert about one inch and leave in place for required time

Buttocks are separated and inserted and then they are pinched closed and held in place for 3-5 min

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24
Q

When should axillary thermometers not be used?

A

Directly after vigorous activity or bathing

Tolerable for children

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25
How do you use an ear or infrared thermometer?
Probe cover is applied and probe is placed in ear canal Firm pressure is applied to seal the ear canal from ambient air
26
How do you use temporal infrared thermometer?
Place on side of the forehead over the temporal artery and move across forehead ## Footnote Push hair away from thermometer as it may change results
27
What causes fever?
Idiopathic Infection Immunization Cancers Blood clots Autoimmune disorders Teething Pharmacological agents
28
What is the pathophysiology of fever?
A macrophage ingests a gram negative bacteria Bacteria is degraded in vacuole releasing endotoxins that induce IL-1 production IL-1 is released by the macrophage into the blood stream and travels to hypothalmus of brain IL1 induces hypothalamus to produce prostaglandins which reset the body's thermostat to a higher temperature
29
What is the goal of fever therapy?
Alleviate discomfort of fever not to achieve a specific temperature
30
What are some of the non pharmacologic therapies for fever?
Fluids Eat light foods easy to digest Rest Warm bath Dress lightly
31
What are some pharmacologic treatments?
Acetaminophen Salicylates NSAIDs ## Footnote In above 103 otherwise use nonpharmacologic therapy
32
What do salicylates provide/
Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti inflammatory actions
33
What do salicylates do?
Inhibit prostaglandin synthesis
34
What are salicylates FDA approved for?
osteoarthritis rheumatoid arthritis minor aches pains fever
35
What are the medications for Salicylates?
Aspirin and magnesium salicylate
36
What is aspirin indicated for prevention of?
Thromboembolic events Irreversible inhibition of platelet function for lifetime of the platelet ## Footnote Decreases valproic acid metabolism
37
What is the onset for aspirin??
1-2 hours after oral administration ## Footnote Can have platelet effect up to 7 days
38
What is the dosing of aspirin?
every 4-6 hours as needed ## Footnote 300-500 mg tabs supps
39
What is the max dose per day of aspirin?
4g/day
40
What are the different types of aspirin (alone)?
Vufferin Bayer St Joseph Ecotrin
41
What are the combination products with aspirin?
Excedrin Goodys BC powder Anacin
42
What must a patient do with aspirin before surgery?
Discontinue 2-7 days before surgery
43
Why should you avoid giving aspirin ASA to children?
Increased risk of Reye's syndrome -chicken pox- in children younger than 15 years old ## Footnote ASA should only be prescribed by a physician for specific indications such as Kawasaki's Disease and Juvenile Rheumatoid arthritis
44
What is the dose of aspirin extra strength?
500 mg do not take more than 8 pills in 24 hours
45
What is the dose of regular aspirin?
325mg do not take more than 12 pills in 24 hours
46
What is a major side effect of aspirin?
GI upset - take with antacid
47
What does acetaminophen APAP do?
Inhibits prostaglandin production
48
What does the use of Acetaminophen APAP result in?
Analgesic and antipyretic properties
49
What is APAP FDA used for?
Reduce fever and treat mild to moderate pain
50
What are the adverse effects of APAP?
Drowsiness Hepatotoxicity dose related mephrotoxicity with chronic use ## Footnote May slightly reduce immune response to some vaccines
51
What is APAP onset?
about 30 minutes after oral administration
52
What is the duration of action for APAP?
4 hours (6-8 in extended release)
53
What is the dosing for APAP?
every 4 to 6 hours (8 hours in extended release)
54
What are the doses range for APAP?
325-1000mg
55
What is the max dose daily for APAP for hepatotoxicity?
3-4g day
56
What combination medicines have APAP?
Mucinex sinus max Goodys Robitussin severe cough and sore throat Dayquil nyquil Excedrin
57
What is the biggest cause of APAP toxicity?
Unintentional overdose and intentional does not fall far behind ## Footnote Major cause of acute liver failure in the US
58
What are the early signs and symptoms of APAP toxicity?
nausea vomiting drowsiness confusion abdominal pain
59
What is the children dosing of APAP?
10-15mg/kg PO Q4-6H prn or 10-20 mg/kg PR q4-6H prn
60
What is the max daily dose for children?
75mg/kg daily (PO/PR) 5 doses in 24 hours
61
What infant medication has tylenol?
Fever all Fever reducer Pain and fever childrens
62
What does NSAID stand for?
Nonsalicylate Nonsteroidsal anti inflammatory drugs
63
What do NSAIDs do?
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
64
What are NSAIDs FDA approved for?
Fever Minor pains With or without plus arthritis
65
What do NSAIDs do to renal clearance of Digoxin
They inhibit it
66
What may ibuprofen increase?
Phenytoin levels
67
What is the NSAID caution?
In patients with cardiovascular disease taking non aspirin NSAID, the risk of heart attack, heart hailure, and stroke increases
68
What is the risk of ibuprofen and alcohol consumption?
Increased risk for GI bleeding
69
What is the onset for Ibuprofen?
30 min | after oral administration
70
What is the duration of action of Ibuprofen?
6-8 hours
71
What are the doses of ibuprofen/
200-400 mg ## Footnote max 1200mg in 24 hours
72
What is the onset of naproxen?
30 min after oral administration
73
What is the duration of action for naproxen?
12 hours
74
What is the dosing of naproxen?
8-12 hours as needed (may take 2 tabs for first dose)
75
What are the doses of naproxen?
220 mg tabs caps and suspensions ## Footnote Max dose 660mg in 24 hours
76
How do you calculate children dosing?
5-10 mg/kg q6-8h ## Footnote max 1200 mg a day or 4 doses a day Not for children less than 6 months
77
What age must a child be to take Naproxen?
12
78
Which of the drugs cause hypertension?
Aspirin and other NSAIDs
79
Know sides 47 and 46
Memorize them
80
What can you use for pain in the first trimester?
NSAIDs APAP Salicylates
81
What can a patient take in the second and third trimester for pain?
Acetaminophen
82
What can fever in pregnancy indicate
infection Preeclampsia
83
What can a breastfeeding patient take for pain?
Naproxen Ibuprofen APAP

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