exam 1 pharmacology

Question 1

break apart existing clots to reestablish blood flow

Answer 1

fibrinolytics

Question 2

adverse effects of fibrinolytics include:

Answer 2

bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, reperfusion dysrhythmias

Question 3

most common fibrinolytic

Answer 3

TPA

Question 4

a patient presents with an ischemic stroke. what medication do you expect to be ordered?

Answer 4

fibrinolytic (ex: TPA)

Question 5

prevent thrombus formation & additional clots forming &/or any present clots from getting larger

Answer 5

anticoagulants

Question 6

anticoagulants prevent clots in the _______

Answer 6

veins

Question 7

• PO, long-term use
• used for chronic anticoagulation

Answer 7

warfarin

Question 8

reversal agent for warfarin

Answer 8

vitamin K

Question 9

• SQ or IV
• huge bleeding risk
• more immediate effect

Answer 9

heparin

Question 10

reversal agent for heparin

Answer 10

protamine sulfate

Question 11

vitamin k is found in what foods

Answer 11

green leafy vegetables

Question 12

lovenox is

Answer 12

low molecular weight heparin

Question 13

atrial fibrillation is commonly treated with

Answer 13

warfarin

Question 14

inhibit platelet aggregation

Answer 14

anti-platelet/platelet inhibitor

Question 15

anti-platelets/platelet inhibitors prevent clots from forming in the _______

Answer 15

arteries

Question 16

• longer-acting anti-platelet, take 3-7 days to get out of system

Answer 16

plavix

Question 17

• used in the pt w/ MI, CABG, after stents
• AEs: n/v, GI bleed, hemorrhage

Answer 17

aspirin

Question 18

increase force of myocardial contraction, therefore increasing stroke volume, cardiac output, BP, and perfusion

Answer 18

inotropes

Question 19

given during ventricular dysfunction or shock

Answer 19

inotropes

Question 20

epinephrine and dopamine are

Answer 20

inotropes

Question 21

used to restore heart to regular rhythm

Answer 21

antidysrhythmics

Question 22

normal digoxin levels

Answer 22

0.5-2

Question 23

name 3 different antidysrhythmics

Answer 23

beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, digoxin

Question 24

prior to giving digoxin what do you check?

Answer 24

apical pulse for 1 min, hold if HR <60

Question 25

decrease preload (volume), afterload (pressure), or both

Answer 25

vasodilators

Question 26

afterload =

Answer 26

BP

Question 27

- decrease preload (volume) & causes arterial vasodilation = decrease afterload (BP) - used to treat chest pain, BP control

Answer 27

nitrates/nitroglycerine

Question 28

nitroglycerine considerations:

Answer 28

keep in origianl dark bottle, carry with you, may feel slight headache

Question 29

sublingual nitroglycerine dosing:

Answer 29

can take 1 tab every 5min for chest pain, up to 3 total, then call 911 if still persisting

Question 30

- treat HF, HTN, MI - major SE: hypotension, dry irritating cough, h/a

Answer 30

ACE inhibitors

Question 31

end in -pril

Answer 31

ACE inhibitor

Question 32

statins are

Answer 32

antihyperlipidemics

Question 33

- decreases LDL & triglycerides, increase HDL

Answer 33

statins

Question 34

what labs shoukd you monitor while being on statins?

Answer 34

liver - AST/ALT