Exam 1: Posterior Triangle of the Neck

Question 1

What makes up the anterior, posterior and superior boundaries of the anterior triangle?

Answer 1

Midline
SCM
Body of mandible

Question 2

What makes up the floor of the anterior triangle?

Answer 2

Visceral structures of the pharynx, larynx and thyroid gland.

Question 3

What makes up the roof of the anterior triangle?

Answer 3

Investing layer of cervical fascia.

Question 4

What are the 4 subdivisions of the anterior triangle?

Answer 4

1. Inferior carotid (muscular)
2. Superior carotid (carotid)
3. Submental
4. Digastric (submandibular)

Question 5

What are the boundaries of the inferior carotid (muscular) triangle?

Answer 5

Midline (hyoid to sternum)
SCM
Superior belly of omohyoid

Question 6

What are the boundaries of the superior carotid (carotid) triangle?

Answer 6

SCM
Superior omohyoid
Posterior digastric

Question 7

What are the boundaries of the sub mental triangle?

Answer 7

Midline (hyoid to mandible)
Hyoid bone
Anterior digastric

Question 8

What are the boundaries of the digastric (submandibular) triangle?

Answer 8

Lower body of the mandible
Anterior digastric
Posterior digastric

Question 9

What are the 4 infra hyoid muscles?

Answer 9

1. Omohyoid
2. Sternohyoid
3. Sternothyroid
4. Thyrohyoid

Question 10

What is the group actions for the infra hyoid muscles?

Answer 10

Depress the hyoid

Depress the mandible

Question 11

What is the nerve supply to the infra hyoid muscles?

Answer 11

Spinal nerves C1,2,3 via the cervical plexus and ansa hypoglossi.

Question 12

What 5 muscles make up the supra hyoid muscles and which nerves are they innervated by?

Answer 12

1. Anterior digastric (CN V)
2. Posterior digastric (CN VII)
3. Mylohyoid (CN V)
4. Geniohyoid (spinal nerve C1)
5. Stylohyoid (CN VII)

Question 13

What are the attachments for posterior digastric?

Answer 13

Common tendon

Mastoid process

Question 14

What are the attachments for the anterior digastric?

Answer 14

Common tendon

Inner surface of mandible

Question 15

What are the attachments for the mylohyoid?

Answer 15

Mylohyoid line

Hyoid bone

Question 16

What are the attachments for the geniohyoid?

Answer 16

Mental (genial) spines

Hyoid

Question 17

What are the attachments for the stylohyoid?

Answer 17

Styloid process

Hyoid

Question 18

What are the group actions of the supra hyoid muscles?

Answer 18

Depress the mandible.

Elevate the hyoid.

Question 19

Where is the carotid pulse located?

Answer 19

Common carotid artery in the superior carotid triangle.

Question 20

This is a chemo receptor (senses changes in O2) and is innervated by CN IX.

Answer 20

Carotid body

Question 21

This is a pressure receptor that is innervated by CN IX and lays distal to the common carotid and proximal to the internal carotid.

Answer 21

Carotid sinus

Question 22

This vein joins with the subclavian vein. Many veins drain into it.

Answer 22

Internal jugular vein.

Question 23

What nerves innervate the anterior triangle?

Answer 23

1. Spinal accessory (XI)
2. Hypoglossal (XII)
3. Cervical plexus (anterior primary rami of spinal nerves C1-4) Vagus (X)

Question 24

What glands and lymph nodes are in the anterior triangle?

Answer 24

Submandibular (digastric triangle)
Submandibular and Submental lymph nodes.
Deep cervical nodes (along internal jugular).