exam 1 prep

Question 1

variables

Answer 1

a characteristic of a person with at least two values ex. gender/ religion
some numerical, some categorical

Question 2

numeric variables

Answer 2

numbers ex. height, weight

Question 3

categorical variables

Answer 3

groups ex. age group, sex

Question 4

experimental

Answer 4

random sampling
explanatory variables
observe and record behavior

random assignment to values/levels of an explanatory variable

Question 5

observational

Answer 5

random sampling

Question 6

explanatory/independent variables

Answer 6

one that might explain behavior

Question 7

response/dependent variable

Answer 7

the one we want to measure

Question 8

limits of observational?

Answer 8

do not provide evidence of cause
differ in response variables
only show when there’s an explanatory variable
a third variable make it harder

Question 9

third variable problem?

Answer 9

makes it harder to prove explanatory

Question 10

why is randomness important?

Answer 10

avoids bias

creates groups similar to each other

Question 11

why are groups in experimental studies important?

Answer 11

to establish causation

Question 12

inferential statistical test

Answer 12

test whether a sample difference is a good evidence for the rest of the population

Question 13

inferential statistical test

Answer 13

test whether a sample difference is a piece of good evidence for the rest of the population

Question 14

two-sample t-test

Answer 14

two groups exposed to 1 explanatory level

Question 15

one-way ANOVA

Answer 15

(analysis of variance)

three or more groups exposed to 1 explanatory level

Question 16

chi-square

Answer 16

the response variable is categorized

Question 17

factorial ANOVA

Answer 17

(analysis of variance)

two or more explanatory variables

Question 18

bar graphs

Answer 18

for categorical variables

Question 19

histograms

Answer 19

for numeric variables

Question 20

bar graph descriptions…

Answer 20

values x axis

Frequency y axis

Question 21

unimodal

Answer 21

one peak of the distribution

Question 22

multimodal

Answer 22

Multiple peaks of the distribution

Question 23

symmetrical

Answer 23

when you can cut the graph in half=

Question 24

skewed

Answer 24

both halves look different

Question 25

What's a bell shape on a bar graph?

Answer 25

unimodal symmetrical

Question 26

What's a bell shape on a bar graph?

Answer 26

unimodal symmetrical

Question 27

skewed to the right?

Answer 27

positive +

Question 28

X?

Answer 28

single most common score/ behavior | the "normal"

Question 29

central tendency

Answer 29

single # to represent a group of scores. the middle score/average

Question 30

variability

Answer 30

how spread out the scores are

Question 31

mode

Answer 31

only for categorical find most common always a real score in the samples

Question 32

mean

Answer 32

only for numerical | add up all scores and divide by number of scors

Question 33

Variance

Answer 33

1. mean of all scores 2. subtract mean from each score 3.

Question 34

mean

Answer 34

only for numerical | add up all scores and divide by the number of scores

Question 35

what's a unique factor in an experimental study?

Answer 35

random assignment

Question 36

which variable do we want to measure?

Answer 36

dependent/ response

Question 37

a single most common score is the ____

Answer 37

mode