EXAM 1 PREP (1st practice exam)

Question 1

The cellular organelle which modifies, sorts and packages proteins for transport to different destinations is the…

Answer 1

Golgi complex/body

Question 2

The region of the body in which the urinary bladder is located is the

Answer 2

Hypogastric region

Question 3

What type of tissue is bone?

Answer 3

Connective

Question 4

The rate of diffusion increases if

Answer 4

The temperature rises

Question 5

A solute is

Answer 5

The substance that is dissolved

Question 6

A particle is engulfed and brought into a cell by the process of

Answer 6

Phagocytosis

Question 7

An oxygen molecule is brought into the cell by

Answer 7

Simple diffusion

Question 8

Definition of anatomy

Answer 8

Study of body structures

Question 9

Definition of physiology

Answer 9

Study of body functions

Question 10

Body system that regulates body activities by releasing hormones is the

Answer 10

Endocrine system

Question 11

Another term for posterior:

Answer 11

Dorsal

Question 12

Transient flora are

Answer 12

Non-resident microorganisms found on the skin

Question 13

Viruses are incapable of multiplying unless

Answer 13

They occupy a living host cell

Question 14

What infection is a latent infection

Answer 14

Person has been infected by a pathogen and made an apparent recovery, but the pathogen remains present and may be reactivated (Herpes)

Question 15

What is an acute-lyric infection?

Answer 15

Refers to the viral genome and can replicate rapidly (covid-19)

Question 16

What is a sub clinical virus type?

Answer 16

Signs and symptoms so mild they are not recognised but are able to be transmitted (chicken pox)

Question 17

What is a chronic infection?

Answer 17

Virus remains in the host, the replication of the virus continues at low levels. (Hepatitis-B)

Question 18

The stage of an infectious disease when vague symptoms of illness first begin to appear is the

Answer 18

Prodromal stage

Question 19

Bacterial endospores

Answer 19

Adapt to unfavourable conditions by forming a spore with a thick coat to protect it from freezing and chemicals

Question 20

What is the layer of skin that is composed of a keratinised stratified squamous epithelium?

Answer 20

Epidermis

Question 21

The tissue that enables the urinary bladder to stretch without tearing is

Answer 21

Transitional epithelial tissue

Question 22

Integumentary system contains what tissue types?

Answer 22

Epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue

Question 23

CSF circulates in the

Answer 23

Subarachnoid space

Question 24

What area of the CNS coordinates the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 24

Hypothalamus

Question 25

The corpus callosum connects the

Answer 25

Cerebral hemispheres

Question 26

Part of the brain that contains the cardiovascular system is the

Answer 26

Medulla oblongata

Question 27

The myelin sheath which surrounds the axon of a neuron

Answer 27

Increases the speed of a nerve impulse

Question 28

What type of impulse is carried in the DESCENDING tracts of the spinal cord?

Answer 28

Motor

Question 29

When a neuron is stimulated by a very strong stimulus that exceeds the threshold..

Answer 29

It will result in nerve impulses being sent in rapid succession

Question 30

The neurogila cells which form the myelin sheath around axons of neurons in the CNS are

Answer 30

Oligodendrocytes

Question 31

Parts of a reflex arc IN ORDER

Answer 31

- Receptor - Sensory Neuron - Association Neuron - Motor Neuron - Effector

Question 32

Bundle of nerve axons and their connective tissue, located in the peripheral nervous system is

Answer 32

A nerve

Question 33

A network of converging and diverging nerve fibres is a

Answer 33

Nerve plexus

Question 34

Homeostasis negative feedback control systems:

Answer 34

Oppose or reverse a change

Question 35

What region of the brain contains the cerebral cortex?

Answer 35

Cerebrum

Question 36

The posterior blood supply to the brain is via the

Answer 36

Vertebral arteries

Question 37

What area of the brain receives impulses for touch, pressure, vibration, itch, tickle, temperature, pain, proprioception

Answer 37

Primary Somatosensory area

Question 38

What are Involuntary functions?

Answer 38

Regulates the processes in the body that we can’t consciously influence. It remains active, regulating things such as breathing, heart beat, metabolic processes

Question 39

Nerves that transmit information from the central nervous system to involuntary muscles belong to the

Answer 39

Autonomic nervous system, efferent division

Question 40

Serous membrane

Answer 40

Line a body cavity that does not open to the exterior

Question 41

Mucous membranes

Answer 41

Line a body cavity that does open to the exterior

Question 42

Define simple diffusion

Answer 42

When a molecule moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration down a concentration gradient until equilibrium is reached

Question 43

Pathogen that takes advantage of certain opportunities to cause disease when it normally would not cause disease is called

Answer 43

An Opportunist

Question 44

3 functions of the skin

Answer 44

- acts as a blood reservoir to vasoconstriction when blood is needed to supply vital organs - forms a protective barrier against pathogens - helps to synthesise vitamin D when skin is exposed to UV light

Question 45

Define a reservoir of infection

Answer 45

A site where microorganisms can survive before they infect a new host

Question 46

4 example of reservoirs

Answer 46

- humans - animals - food/water - soil/air

Question 47

Direct contact

Answer 47

- droplets landing on someone less than 1 metre away (sneeze on hand and then shake another persons hand)

Question 48

Indirect contact

Answer 48

- droplets land on a keyboard, someone else then uses the keyboard after the person infected. Pathogen sticks on surfaces and transmits when some one else uses keyboard and brings there hand up to their nose/mouth

Question 49

Aerosol

Answer 49

- in the air. Sneezed and the molecules are in the air and can infect anyone up to 1 metre away

Question 50

Two different body systems which harbour different types of resident or normal flora

Answer 50

- GI Tract | - Integumentary, upper respiratory tract

Question 51

What is a carrier of infection?

Answer 51

- they harbour the pathogen without signs and symptoms so can easily transmit to others

Question 52

4 different anatomical features which protect the brain and spinal cord

Answer 52

- bony protection (skull, vertebrae) - meninges - cerebral spinal fluid (csf) - blood brain barrier

Question 53

Three main features of the hypothalamus

Answer 53

- regulates body temp - regulates autonomic nervous system for homeostasis - regulates circadian rhythm

Question 54

Lobes of the brain

Answer 54

- temporal - frontal - parietal - occipital

Question 55

Why do severe brain stem injuries often results in death?

Answer 55

Brain stem controls your breathing and our heart rate. It also contains the RAS which is responsible for consciousness

Question 56

2 features that differentiate cranial and spinal nerves

Answer 56

SPINAL: - all mixed nerves - 31 pairs - identified with numbers (C1, L5) CRANIAL - either all mixed, all sensory or all miter nerves - 12 pairs - identified with Roman numerals

Question 57

4 effects of sympathetic nervous system activation

Answer 57

- Pupil Dilation - Bronchodilation - increase heart rate - increases blood pressure