exam 1 review

Question 1

what is communication?

Answer 1

exchange of meaning between sender and receiver (via many different forms)

Question 2

impairment

Answer 2

loss of physiological, psychological, or anatomical structure or function

Question 3

disability

Answer 3

reduced ability to meet daily living needs

Question 4

disorder

Answer 4

structure or function that is reduced to significant, noticeable degree

Question 5

language difference

Answer 5

differences across languages, dialects

Question 6

age of acquisition classification (2)

Answer 6

developmental or acquired

Question 7

functional vs organic etiology

Answer 7

functional has no known cause, organic does

Question 8

what percentage of the US population has a communication disorder?

Question 9

examples of speech disorders

Answer 9

Dysarthria, apraxia, stuttering

Question 10

examples of language disorders

Answer 10

aphasia

Question 11

examples of hearing disorders

Answer 11

deafness, auditory processing disorder

Question 12

what organization was a precursor to ASHA?

Answer 12

AASC (American Academy of Speech Correction)

Question 13

What is IDEA? (include parts B and C)

Answer 13

protects individuals with disabilities, free appropriate education (part b is school age, part c is early intervention)

Question 14

primary work setting for audiologists

Answer 14

clinics

Question 15

primary work setting for SLPs

Answer 15

schools or hospitals

Question 16

what other professions can someone with an SLHS major pursue?

Answer 16

SLP-A, occupational therapy, education, rehabilitation

Question 17

how do speech, language, and communication differ?

Answer 17

speech is merely sound, language is rule-governed but made by speech sometimes, and communication is any expression of ideas

Question 18

what three domains are impacted in cognitive communication disorders?

Answer 18

memory, attention, executive functions

Question 19

what is an auditory processing disorder?

Answer 19

may have good hearing but difficulty understanding speech

Question 20

most people fall within +/- ______ standard deviations of the mean

Answer 20

2

Question 21

what are the goals of an assessment?

Answer 21

1. Is a disorder present?
2. what disorder is present? severity?
3. what are the recommendations for intervention?
4. what is the prognosis?

Question 22

list the three questions you should answer with an assessment

Answer 22

what can the client do independently?
what can’t they do independently?
what can the client do with help?

Question 23

what are the two types of standardized assessments?

Answer 23

norm-referenced and criterion-referenced

Question 24

standardized assessment goals

Answer 24

compare to a group/standard

Question 25

how do you select goals for a client?

Question 26

what are the components of a SMART goal?

Answer 26

who? what? Under what conditions? How well?

Question 27

what is baseline data?

Answer 27

used to inform therapy goals; given multiple times to produce target (20+)

Question 28

explain the three components of evidence-based practice

Answer 28

internal evidence, external evidence, client preferences

Question 29

example of incidental teaching

Answer 29

having the child ask for something with the target speech sound

Question 30

what are the two components of the central nervous system?

Answer 30

brain and spinal cord

Question 31

what are the four lobes of the brain?

Answer 31

frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital

Question 32

know the location of the four main lobes of the brain

Question 33

the components of a neuron

Answer 33

dendrites receive signals, axons and synaptic terminals send

Question 34

six cranial nerves used for speech

Answer 34

trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagus, spinal accessory, hypoglossal

Question 35

trigeminal nerve

Answer 35

pain and touch sensation to the face and front 2/3 of tongue, motor for chewing

Question 36

facial nerve

Answer 36

motor to facial expression muscles, taste in first 2/3 of tongue

Question 37

glossopharyngeal

Answer 37

sensation from palate, taste back 3rd of tongue, motor function to pharyngeal muscle

Question 38

vagus

Answer 38

sensation from pharynx/larynx, taste from epiglottis to pharynx, motor functions from pharynx to layrnx

Question 39

hypoglossal

Answer 39

motor to tongue

Question 40

role of respiratory system in speech

Answer 40

potential energy source for vibration of vocal folds

Question 41

role of laryngeal system in speech

Answer 41

voicing for speech sounds

Question 42

speech production process

Answer 42

motor impulses, respiration, vocalization, articulation

Question 43

what are the major structures of auditory system?

Answer 43

pinna, outer ear, middle ear, cochlea

Question 44

major language development milestones

Answer 44

6 mo--babbling 1 year--first word 2 years--50 words, plus combinations 6 years--adult-like

Question 45

what makes a child at risk for language impairment?

Question 46

what is a developmental language disorder?

Question 47

what is a social communication disorder

Answer 47

persistent difficulty in the social use of verbal and nonverbal communication

Question 48

language disorder deficits in form

Question 49

language disorder deficits in content

Question 50

language disorder deficits in use

Question 51

what is literacy and how does it differ from oral language?

Question 52

what are the two primary reading routes?

Question 53

what are the major literacy milestones?

Answer 53

age 3 print awareness age 4 rhyme, syllable structure age 5 formal instruction age 9 shift to reading to learn

Question 54

list the stages of spelling development

Question 55

explain the 3 types of Specific Learning Disorder in Literacy

Question 56

how are reading and writing impacted in developmental language disorder and autism?

Question 57

what is the primary cause of aphasia?

Answer 57

stroke

Question 58

which areas of language may people with aphasia have deficits in?

Question 59

seven types of aphasia

Answer 59

wernicke's, broca's, anomic, conduction, transcortical sensory and transcortical motor, global

Question 60

Wernicke's aphasia

Answer 60

rapid-fire sentences, no pause or turn-taking; often unaware; incomprehensible but well-articulated

Question 61

anomic aphasia

Answer 61

naming difficulties but normal speech

Question 62

conduction aphasia

Answer 62

conversation is abundant and quick, but with word substitutions

Question 63

transcortical sensory aphasia

Answer 63

similar to Wernicke's but filled with word errors as well

Question 64

Broca's aphasia

Answer 64

short, agrammatical sentences, slow speech and writing, articulation and phonology errors

Question 65

transcortical motor aphasia

Answer 65

difficulty initiating speech or writing

Question 66

global (mixed) aphasia

Answer 66

profound impairment in all modalities of language

Question 67

an individual who produces sounds incorrectly exhibits which impairment?

Question 68

an unusual interruption in the flow of speaking is a

Question 69

the causes of speech and language disorders include ____.

Question 70

authentic assessment

Answer 70

provides info about how a client interacts in their natural environment

Question 71

dynamic assessment

Answer 71

shows the types of support that improve client performance

Question 72

frontal lobe primary function

Answer 72

higher-order functions

Question 73

primary function of temporal lobe

Answer 73

language processing

Question 74

primary function of parietal lobe

Answer 74

processes sensory information

Question 75

primary function of occipital lobe

Answer 75

visual processing

Question 76

spinal accessory nerve

Answer 76

motor to strap muscles of the neck