EXAM 1 review Flashcards
(103 cards)
1
Q
micro
A
small
2
Q
macro
A
large
3
Q
Hyper
A
More
4
Q
Hypo
A
less
5
Q
iso
A
same
6
Q
poly
A
many
7
Q
hemo
A
blood
8
Q
lysis/lysos
A
breakdown
9
Q
cyto
A
cell
10
Q
pseudo
A
false
11
Q
endo
A
inside
12
Q
exo
A
outside
13
Q
ase
A
enzyme
14
Q
ose
A
sugar
15
Q
what is the study of life
A
biology
16
Q
types of organic molecules
A
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids
17
Q
a proposed testable explanation of observations
A
hypothesis
18
Q
atomic number
A
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
19
Q
atomic weight
A
the number of protons plus the number of neutrons
20
Q
valance shells
A
outermost shell of an atom
21
Q
inert gases (noble gases)
A
Six elements that make up the last group in the periodic table of elements ( do not combine with other elements)
22
Q
ion
A
an atom or group of atoms that has positive or negative charge
23
Q
isomers
A
same molecular formula but different structures
24
Q
Isotopes
A
atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers
25
Solute
A substance that is dissolved in a solution.
26
Solvent
the substance in which the solute dissolves
27
Tonicity
the ability of a solution to cause a cell to gain or lose water
28
Eukaryote
A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles
29
Prokaryote
unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus
30
Nucleus (cell)
the central part of the cell where DNA is stored
31
nucleus (atom)
The center of an atom that contains the protons and neutrons
32
Mitochondrion
Cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use
33
plasma membrane
A selectively-permeable phospholipid bilayer forming the boundary of the cells
34
cell wall
strong, supporting layer around the cell membrane in some cells
35
Golgi Complex/Apparatus
a cell organelle that helps make and package materials to be transported out of the cell
36
Ribosomes
Makes proteins
37
Endoplasmic Reticulum
A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another.
38
Lysosomes
An organelle containing digestive enzymes
39
Chloroplast
organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy
40
Enzymes
Proteins that speed up chemical reactions
41
active site
a region on an enzyme that binds to a protein or other substance during a reaction.
42
energy of activation
the amount of energy required to start a reaction
42
kinetic energy
energy in motion
43
potential energy
stored energy
44
ATP
energy
45
osmosis
Diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane
46
Diffusion
Movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
47
facilitated diffusion
Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels
48
active
requires energy to move substances across the cell
49
passive
does not require energy to move substance across the cell
50
concentration gradient
the gradual difference in concentration of a dissolved substance in a solution between a region of high density and one of lower density
51
dehydration synthesis
A chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together with the removal of a water molecule.
52
hydrolysis
water added to break down something
53
Monomer
a molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.
54
Polymer
A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
55
Saturated
no double bonds
56
Endergonic
requires energy
57
Exergonic
releases energy
58
conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes
59
what organic molecules have the formula CH2O?
carbohydrates
60
Flagellum
hair-like projection on a sperm cell that makes it motile
61
What is the basic unit of matter?
atom
62
monomers of a protein
amino acids
63
selective permeability
a process in which the plasma membrane of a cell allows some molecules into the cell while keeping others out
64
Name all the domains
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
65
Name all the components of the hierarchy from atom through biosphere.
Atoms, molecules, organelles, cell tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms, populations, communities, ecosystems, and biosphere.
66
NAME THE TYPE OF BOND: between the H and O within a water molecule
polar covalent
67
NAME THE TYPE OF BOND: between a positive ion and a negative ion
ionic bond
68
NAME THE TYPE OF BOND: between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino acid group of another
peptide bonds
69
what elements are found in all the organic molecules?
hydrogen, carbon, oxygen
70
what organic molecules are non-polar?
lipids
71
what organic molecules hydrophobic
lipids
72
what organic molecules are composed of amino acids
protein
73
what organic molecules do not form polymers
lipids
74
what organic molecules are composed of poly peptide chains
protein
75
what organic molecules include sugars
carbohydrates
76
what organic molecules include DNA and RNA?
nucleic acid
77
what will happen to a red blood cell in a hyper tonic solution
it will shrink
78
what will happen to a red blood cell in a hypo tonic solution
it would swell then eventually burst
79
what will happen to a red blood cell in a isotonic solution
it would stay the same
80
describe the structure of the plasma membrane
it is made up of a phospholipid bilayer with a polar head and hydrophobic tail facing each other to keep the water out.
81
What do the columns on the periodic table represent?
the columns represent groups on the periodic table
82
What do the rows on the periodic table represent?
number of electron shells
83
What are the building blocks of proteins?
amino acids
84
Cillia
hair like projections of a cell that move in wave like motion
85
COOH
acidic
86
Entropy
disorder
87
what molecule has a double helix shape
DNA
88
what is the effect an enzyme has on the energy of activation
it decreases it
89
cells that have rigged cell wall
plant cell
90
glucose +fructose
sucrose
91
glucose + galactose
lactose
92
glucose + glucose
maltose
93
glucose and fructose are
isomers
94
netrual pH
7
95
substance used to maintain PH
Buffer
96
Where is ATP produced?
mitochondria
97
polypeptide chain
chain of amino acids
98
elements in the far right column of the periodic table are called what
noble gases/ inert gases
99
organic catalysts
enzymes
100
monomers of polysaccharides
monosaccharides
101
what makes the endoplasmic reticulum rough?
ribosomes
102
what is the opposite of hydrolysis?
dehydration synthesis
