Exam 1 Review

Question 1

What are 3 medical conditions/diagnoses related to the term COPD?

Question 1

What are 3 interventions that a patient may receive when they participate in pulmonary rehabilitation?

Question 2

What are 4 environmental factors that can trigger asthma?

Question 3

What are some of the reasons why patients with COPD are at in increased risk for falls?

Question 4

What is the difference between a embolic and thrombotic event?

Question 5

What are 3 risk factors associated with Diabetes?
What are 3 modified risk factors?

Question 6

What are 3 clinical manifestations of uncontrollable Diabetes?

What is the clinical term used for this condition?

Question 7

What are 3 clinical presentations that a patient may exhibit if he/she has a deep vein thrombosis?

Question 8

What are 3 conditions that may cause a heart value issue?

Question 9

What are 3 medical tests that are used to diagnose coronary artery disease?

Question 10

What are 3 clinical complications of diabetes that as an OT you would be concerned about?

Question 11

Blood is drawn from the:

A. Arteries
B. Veins

Answer 11

B. Veins

Question 12

All veins carry deoxygenated blood except:

Answer 12

Pulmonary veins

Question 13

All arteries carry deoxygenated blood except:

Answer 13

Pulmonary arteries

Question 14

The heart is on the BLANK side of the chest.

A. Left
B. Right

Answer 14

B. Left

Question 15

The BLANK lung has 3 lobes while the other has 2.

A. Left
B. Right

Answer 15

B. Right

Question 16

How does blood circulate through the heart?

Question 17

How does blood circulate through the body?

Question 18

What is peripheral vascular disease (PVD)?

Answer 18

Changes the way blood flows through the arteries and veins.
1. Vessels narrow.
2. Vessels become occluded.
3. Vessels weaken.

Question 19

Regarding heart flow, arteries move blood BLANK from the heart.

Answer 19

away

Question 20

Regarding heart flow, veins BLANK blood to the heart.

Answer 20

toward

Question 21

What is atherosclerosis?

Answer 21

Thickening of vessel walls secondary to plaque accumulation.

Question 22

What is plaque?

Answer 22

Plaque is a fatty build-up made of fat, cholesterol, calcium, and fibrous tissue.

Question 23

What is peripheral artery disease (PAD)?

Answer 23

Pathology: in heart/brain can lead to myocardial infarction (MI) or cerebral vascular accident (CVA)

Narrowing of arteries leading to reduced blood flow, anoxia, and loss of nutrients. If this occurs in the brain, it can lea to a stroke.

Question 24

Define anoxia

Answer 24

The absence or deficiency of blood.

Question 25

What are the three types of arterial occlusion?

Answer 25

1. Thrombotic occlusion 2. Embolic occlusion 3. Plaque occlusion

Question 26

Atherosclerosis is the leading cause of peripheral artery disease (PAD)? A. True B. False

Answer 26

A. True

Question 27

Explain what thrombotic occlusion is.

Answer 27

Nerve injury; fibrous lining forms a clot; blood clot prevents or reduces blood flow.

Question 28

Explain what embolic occlusion is.

Answer 28

Blood clot or other substance travels through the bloodstream; clot or substance becomes lodged in a vessel preventing or reducing blood flow.

Question 29

Explain what plaque occlusion is.

Answer 29

Plaque builds up under arterial wall; aterial wall remains intact; blood flow is reduced

Question 30

BLANK is the primary symptom of PAD.

Answer 30

Claudication: limb pain associated with walking and relieved immediately by rest (intermittent claudication) Pathology: reduction in blood flow during activity leads to muscle cramping (anaerobic) & limb pain

Question 31

What are the 5 Ps (symptoms) of PAD?

Answer 31

1. Pain 2. Pallor (paleness) 3. Parasthesia (numbness, tingling) 4. Paralysis 5. Poikilothermia (inability to maintain a constant core temperature independent of ambient temperature)

Question 32

What are risk factors for developing PAD?

Answer 32

Age Sex Family history * Hypertension * High cholesterol * Obesity * Smoking * Sedentary lifestyle * Diet * Diabetes * Stress *modifiable

Question 33

List 4 assessment sites for PAD

Answer 33

1. Femoral 2. Popliteal 3. Pedal (top of foot) 4. Tibial (medial)

Question 34

List 3 types of diagnoses for PAD

Answer 34

1. Ankle brachial reflex 2. Ultrasound Doppler (noninvasive imaging) 3. Angiogram: radioactive dye is injected into the circulatory system, then Xray

Question 35

What are 2 types of venous thromboembolism?

Answer 35

1. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 2. Pulmonary embolism (PE)

Question 36

Explain what deep vein thrombosis is and its symptoms.

Answer 36

A thrombus (blood clot) forms in a deep vein, typically arm or leg. Symptoms are STRP - Swelling - Tenderness - Redness - Pain

Question 37

Explain what pulmonary embolism is and its symptoms.

Answer 37

An embolis (piece of clot) breaks off and travels through the blood stream to the smaller vessels in the lung. Symptoms: - Difficulty breathing - rapid or irregular heartbeat - low blood pressure (dizzy or lightheaded) - chest pain or discomfort (worsens with breathing or coughing)

Question 38

What are the diagnoses testing for DVT (deep vein thrombosis)?

Answer 38

* Imagine required for diagnoses 1. Ultrasound 2. D-dimer blood test-blood enzymes 3. X-ray w/contrast 4. MRI 5. Invasive procedure (most accurate)

Question 39

What are the diagnoses for PE (pulmonary embolism)?

Answer 39

1. Pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) *standard*; X-ray w/contrast (radioactive dye is injected) 2. Ventilation-perfusion (V/Q )scan-measures oxygenation and blood flow lungs 3. MRI

Question 40

What are the 3 steps of development for a pulmonary embolism?

Answer 40

1. Blood clot (embolus) forms in a vein and breaks free from the vessel wall. 2. Embolus travels through the bloodstream and heart into the vessel of the lung. 3. The embolus obstructs a vessel in the lung and deprives tissue of blood.

Question 41

What are 2 noninvasive forms of medical management of DVT and PE?

Answer 41

1. Anticoagulants (ex: Heprin, Warafin, etc) 2. Thrombolytics: "clot busters” for more severe cases