Exam 1 Review

Question 1

What do anticholinergics affect?

Answer 1

Digestion
Urination
Salivation

Question 2

What medication is used to block the activity of acetylcholine to prevent involuntary muscle movement?

Answer 2

Anticholinergics

Question 3

What type of medication can you use for respiratory distress, overactive bladder, incontinence, asthma, and Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 3

Anticholinergics

Question 4

What would be the drug of choice for somebody with Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 4

Levodopa/Carbidopa (increases dopamine)

Question 5

What anticholinergic medication is used to treat Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 5

Benztropine

Question 6

What are the side effects of benztropine?

Answer 6

Dry mouth
Vomiting/Nausea
Tremors

Question 7

What medication group inhibits, enhances, or mimics the action of acetylcholine?

Answer 7

Cholinergic

Question 8

What are the clinical manifestations of Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 8

Shuffled gait
Tremors
Pill-Rolling

Question 9

Is there a cure for Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 9

No, only medication to delay or slow down symptom progression.

Question 10

What test is used to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 10

Tensilon Test

Question 11

What should you assess for in a patient with Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 11

Respiratory Rate
Swallowing and Muscle Weakness

Question 12

What medication and treatment are used for Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 12

Pyridostigmine
Neostigmine
Aminotherapy

Question 13

If a patient with Myasthenia Gravis is having a colorectal crisis, what do we give?

Answer 13

Atropine

Question 14

What type of fluid/medication is used to increase volume and can add additional proteins to the body?

Answer 14

Colloid Albumin

Question 15

When giving colloid albumin, what signs should you look for in a patient that is receiving too much?

Answer 15

Edema
Crackles in the Lungs
Distended Bladder

Question 16

What medication is known to be used as a paralytic?

Answer 16

Vecuronium
- Make sure patient is on a vent.
- This medication paralyzes people.
- Make sure to assess patient.

Question 17

When caring for a patient taking vercuronium, are you able to discontinue this medication if the patient is on life support at any time?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

What medical condition can be described as a bust of uncontrolled electrical activities?

Answer 18

Seizures

Question 19

What are the 3 stages of a seizure?

Answer 19

Aura (feel when it will happen)
Tonic/Clonic (start to shake)
Postictal (wake up confused to what happened)

Question 20

What medication would be given with an active seizure?

Answer 20

Ativan (Lorazepam)
Keppra (Levetiracetam)

Question 21

If a patient is having a seizure, what is the main priority?

Answer 21

Patient Safety
Take off glasses and anything out of their hands
Do not put anything in their mouth
Lower the bed
Monitor patient & time the seizure

Question 22

What medication is used to help someone having an exacerbation of multiple sclerosis?

Answer 22

Interferon

Question 23

Since interferon does not cure MS, what does it do?

Answer 23

Helps decrease the duration of the exacerbation

Question 24

What are some side effects of interferon?

Answer 24

Flu-like symptoms
- fatigue
- dizziness
- chills
- fever

Question 25

What happens to the body in a patient with MS?

Answer 25

The mien deteriorates and singles conduction speed.

Question 26

What are some clinical manifestations of MS?

Answer 26

Imbalance Fatigue Numbness/Tingling

Question 27

What are the very first symptoms a patient will see with MS?

Answer 27

Tingling

Question 28

What will patients with long term MS suffer from?

Answer 28

Progressive muscle weakness and will need PT/OT

Question 29

What kind of shock occurs when you get stung by a bee or eat something you are allergic to causing trouble breathing?

Answer 29

Anaphylactic Shock

Question 30

What fast acting medication is used during anaphylactic shock?

Answer 30

Epinephrine

Question 31

What are 4 other medications that can be given for anaphylactic shock?

Answer 31

"ABC" Antihistamine Bronchodilator (expand the lungs) Corticosteroids (reduce inflammation)

Question 32

What broad class medication binds to adrenergic receptors such as Alpha 1, Alpha 2, Beta 1, and Beta 2 & What do they do?

Answer 32

Phenylephrine; it helps stimulate the nerves in the body.

Question 33

What is the main adrenergic agonist?

Answer 33

Albuterol

Question 34

What drug class is mainly given with patients who have anxiety?

Answer 34

Benzodiazepine

Question 35

What is the reverse agent for benzodiazepine?

Answer 35

Flumazenil

Question 36

What is an example of a barbiturate and when will you use it?

Answer 36

Phenobarbital; given to people with insomnia to help them sleep; anxiety, muscle spasms and prevent seizures.

Question 37

What are the 2 main crystalloid fluids?

Answer 37

Normal Saline 0.9% and Lactated Ringers

Question 38

What are sympathomimetic amines/vasopressors made up of?

Answer 38

Dopamine (increase HR) Norepinephrine (increase BP) Phenylephrine (increase BP) Epinephrine

Question 39

What do sympathomimetic amines do for the body?

Answer 39

Stimulate adrenergic receptors

Question 40

What cholinergic medication is most commonly use for parasympathetic nervous system?

Answer 40

Bethanechol

Question 41

During septic shock, what vasopressor should be given?

Answer 41

Norepinephrine

Question 42

For anaphylactic shock, what vasopressor would you give?

Answer 42

Epinephrine

Question 43

GABA, sodium, and calcium act on?

Answer 43

Seizures

Question 44

What medication increases the level of acetylcholine and slow the progression of Alzheimer's?

Answer 44

Donepezil (Aricept)

Question 45

When administering muscle relaxers, what should you assess?

Answer 45

CNS Depression and Level of Consciousness

Question 46

What is the main muscle relaxer?

Answer 46

Cyclobenzaprine

Question 47

What are side effects of cyclobenzaprine?

Answer 47

Dizziness Drowsiness Dry Mouth Blurred Vision

Question 48

If rash, hives, or angioedema occurs without other symptoms when taking cyclobenzaprine, what would it be considered?

Answer 48

Allergic Reaction

Question 49

During an adverse reaction to cyclobenzaprine, what would be the reversal agent?

Answer 49

Physostigmine