Exam 1 Review Flashcards by Brittney Kelly

Q

sp^3 4 other atoms structure

A

tetrahedral

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Q

sp^3 3&1 structure

A

trigonal pyramidal

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Q

sp^3 2&2 structure

A

bent

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Q

sp^2 3 structure

A

trigonal planar

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Q

sp structure

A

linear

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Q

tetrahedral bond angle

A

109.5

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Q

trigonal pyramidal bond angle

A

107.3

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Q

bent bond angle

A

104.5

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Q

trigonal planar bond angle

A

120

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Q

linear bond angle

A

180

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Q

Strong acids: High electronegativity=

A

strong acid

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Q

Electronegativity trends in periodic table:

A

Up and right

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Q

Strong acids: Higher atomic size=

A

stronger acid

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Q

Atomic size periodic table trend

A

Down

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Q

Strong acids: more orbitals shared: sp^3

A

weaker acid

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Q

Strong acids: less resonance structures=

A

weaker acid

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Q

alkane

A

only CH, only single bonds, can have rings

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Q

CH3-

A

methyl

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Q

CH3CH2-

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A

ethyl

Q

CH3CH2CH2-

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A

propyl

Q

(CH3)2CH-

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A

isopropyl

Q

CH3CH2CH2CH2-

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A

butyl

Q

(CH3)2CHCH2-

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A

isobutyl

Q

CH3CH2CH(CH3)-

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A

sec-butyl

(CH3)3C-

tert-butyl

methyl numbers prefix: 2

di-

methyl numbers prefix: 3

tri-

methyl numbers prefix: 4

tetra

number of carbons: 1

methane

number of carbons: 2

ethane

number of carbons: 3

propane

number of carbons: 4

butane

number of carbons: 5

pentane

number of carbons: 6

hexane

number of carbons: 7

heptane

number of carbons: 8

octane

number of carbons: 9

nonane

cycloalkanes

carbon ring

how to name cycloalkanes

add cyclo- to parent chain

alkyl halides

hydrogen of alkane replaced by halogen

naming alkyl halides

halogens ending in o

ethers

oxygen bonded to 2 substituents

naming ethers

substituents use "oxy" not "yl"

alcohols

hydrogen of alkane replaced by OH group

naming alcohols

"e" for alkane replaced by "ol"

amines

one or more hydrogen in ammonia replaced by alkyl group

naming amines

alkyl groups bonded to N in alphabetical order, followed by amine