Exam 1 Review Flashcards by Abigale Elam

Which of the formed elements in the blood are responsible for clotting blood?
Neutrophils
Red Blood cells
Platelets
Macrophages
White blood cells

Platelets

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Which of the following hormones is a major regulator of red blood cell synthesis?
Vitamin D
Cortisol
Erythropoietin
Thymosin
Plasmin

Erythropoietin

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Which of the following would you NOT expect to find in plasma?
CO2
Testosterone
Water
Platelets
Albumin

Platelets

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Erythropoietin function

stimulation of RBC synthesis

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Thyroid hormone function

control of metabolic rate

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cortisol function

stress response

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Thymosin function

T cell development

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Human Chorionic Gonadotropin function

maintenance of pregnancy

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Graves disease cause

excess TH

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anemia cause

too few RBC

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Thalassemia cause

hemoglobin abnormality

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Leukemia cause

abnormal WBC

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Type 1 diabetes cause

autoimmune attack on pancreas

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Which of the following does NOT regulate blood pressure or blood volume?
Atrial Natriuretic peptide
Albumin
Epinephrine
Aldosterone
Hemoglobin

Hemoglobin

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Which of the following is directly responsible for the synthesis of fibrin?
Thrombin
Tissue Factor
Plasmin
Plasminogen
Factor X

Thrombin

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Which organ is responsible for filtering old or damage red blood cells from the circulation?
Kidney
Spleen
Lungs
Large intestine
Liver

Spleen

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B cell function

antibody prodcution

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basophil function

release of histamine

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megakaryocyte function

production of platelets

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monocyte function

differentiation to macrophage

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Hormones are commonly found in three basic chemistries including…
Eicosanoids (lipid based), steroids, amino acids.
Amino acids, nucleic acids, eicosanoids (lipid based)
Steroids, carbohydrates, nucleic acids
Amino acids, nucleic acids, carbohydrates
Steroids, amino acids, carbohydrates

Eicosanoids (lipid based), steroids, amino acids.

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All of the following hormones are secreted from the anterior pituitary except…
LH
Oxytocin
Prolactin
FSH
Growth hormone

Oxytocin

Which of the following hormones is involved in both breast feeding and uterine contractions during labor?
Testosterone
Follicle stimulating hormone
Oxytocin
ACTH
Prolactin

Oxytocin

Which of the following is NOT a normal regulatory mechanism for Aldosterone?
Na+/K+ balance regulates aldosterone
Oxytocin decreases aldosterone secretion
Renin increases aldosterone release
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) decreases aldosterone secretion.

Oxytocin decreases aldosterone secretion

One type of diabetes (Type I diabetes or insulin dependent diabetes) is cause by the abnormal attack of the immune system on the pancreas. Which type of cell is destroyed in Type I diabetes? Delta cells Beta cells Alpha cells Epsilon cells Gamma cells

Beta cells

Which of the following do mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and gonadacorticoids have in common? They are all protein homones they are all released from the adrenal medulla They are all released from the pancreas They are all steroid hormones The are all released from the pituitary gland

They are all steroid hormones

Which of the following hormones are the principal regulators of calcium in the body? Glucagon and insulin Epinephrine and norepinephrine Thyroid hormone and insulin Parathyroid hormone and cortisol Parathyroid hormone and Calcitonin

Parathyroid hormone and Calcitonin

Which of the following hormones are the principal regulators of blood glucose concentrations? Melatonin and Erythropoietin Insulin and Glucagon Luteinizing hormone and Prolactin Cortisol and Aldosterone Glucagon and Thyroid hormone

Insulin and Glucagon

Which of the following endocrine glands makes hormones that are almost exclusively involved in helping the body cope with stress and stressful situations? Pancreas Thyroid Adrenal gland Pituitary Thymus

Adrenal gland

Once a hormone is released from an adrenal gland, approximately how long does it take to circulate throughout the body? About 10 minutes About an hour About 1 minute About 10 seconds About 1 second

About 1 minute

Most cells are not responsive to all hormones since… Hormones may be lipid or water soluble Hormones are released by specific stimuli Receptors may be either membrane bound for soluble Most cells do not express receptors for all hormones Receptors initiate signaling cascades

Most cells do not express receptors for all hormones

A common mechanism by which high hormone concentrations inhibit further hormone release is called… negative feedback overflow inhibition secretion inhibition feed-forward hormonal blockage

negative feedback

A hormone that stimulates ova (egg) development in females and spermatogenesis (sperm development) in males… Thyroid stimulating hormone Oxytocin Growth hormone Ghrelin Follicle stimulating hormone

Follicle stimulating hormone

Which of the following most accurately organizes life from least complex to most complex? macromolecules --> cells --> tissues --> organs --> organ systems --> organisms Tissues --> cells --> organs --> organisms atoms --> organs --> cells --> organisms macromolecules --> cells --> organs --> organisms

macromolecules --> cells --> tissues --> organs --> organ systems --> organisms

What is the function of t-tubules in muscle? To reset muscle tissues after a contraction To help connect muscles to motor neurons To inhibit receptor activation To provide mechanical force for contraction To deliver a depolarization wave deep into muscles

To deliver a depolarization wave deep into muscles

The stimulus that triggers the extrinsic clotting pathway is Weibel Palade bodies while the the trigger for the intrinsic pathway is Collagen 4 .

tissue factor collagen 1

People who are experiencing a stroke caused from a blocked blood vessel are often injected with _____ to help dissolve the blood clot. TPA (tissue plasminogen activator) Thrombin Factor X Russell Vipers venom Fibrinogen

TPA (tissue plasminogen activator)

Epithelial cells make barriers but the main cellular structure that provides barrier function are the... Desmosomes Tight junctions Hemidesmosomes Gap junctions Adherens junctions

Tight junctions

The main motor protein that works to make muscles move is... Prestin Kinesin Myosin Synaptotagmin Dynein

Myosin

Which of the following tissues is characterized by having sarcomeres, motor proteins, intercalated disks, and gap junctions? Cardiac muscle Skeletal muscle Fat Cartilage Smooth muscle

Cardiac muscle

n the image of a rare steak below, what causes the steak juice to be red? Hemoglobin Blood Fat Myoglobin Cholesterol

Myoglobin

Albumin function

maintain BP

thrombin function

fibrinogen cleavage

factor x function

blood clotting

gamma globulins function

immune defense

What is the approximate diameter of a red blood cell? 1 nanometer 100 micrometers 10 millimeters 10 nanometers 1 micrometer 1 millimeter 10 micrometers

10 micrometers

The image below shows a beef tenderloin with the "silver skin" partly removed. The actual name of "silver skin" is epimysium and its function is to reduce friction and enable tissue movement .

epimysium to reduce friction and enable tissue movement

In the image below, the stringy fibers are bundles of actin and myosin. Based on what you see, what kind of tissue do you think this is? Skeletal Muscle Cardiac Muscle Epithelium Cartilage Smooth Muscle

Smooth Muscle

Which of the following are the TWO means by which organ systems are coordinated to they work together? Blood circulation, and hormonal communication Neurotransmitters, and blood circulation Surface area and blood circulation Neural signaling and hormonal communication Epithelium and basement membranes

Neural signaling and hormonal communication

In physiology, structures such as long tubes in the gut, many small tubes in the testis and capillaries, or many small sacs like in the lung are all adaptations to... Increase absorption Increase secretion Maximize surface area. Enhance immune system function Distribute things around the body.

Maximize surface area.

The thick white strands in the image below are composed of which of the following proteins? Globin Fibrin Thrombin Plasmin Albumin

Fibrin

Which of the following organelles are found in red blood cells? mitochondria None, they have no organelles endoplasmic reticulum golgi apparatus nucleus

None, they have no organelles

Approximately how many red blood cells are normally found in 1 microliter (ul) of blood? 500,000 1,000 100,000 5,000 1,000,000 5,000,000

5,000,000

Under normal circumstances, what is the pH of human blood? 7-8 6.8-7.2 6-7 5.5-7.5 7.3-7.4

7.3-7.4