Exam 1 Review Flashcards
(29 cards)
What is the Universal Position with regards to human development?
The idea that everyone develops in the same way (not to say that there aren’t variations because our experiences do effect our development). You can compare this to a Toyota & Honda brand cars. They are brought to life with variation but their outcomes result in the same product - a car.
What is observational learning?
Learning through observation - without having direct change on behavior though CAN change or produce new behaviors or increase/decrease the frequency of a behavior. (Can also encourage previously forbidden behavior)
Who coined Observational Learning?
Albert Bandura
What is Balte’s Lifespan perspective?
He says that growth and change occur at ALL points in a persons life. (Many people believe that once you’re an adult, you stop developing)
How did Albert Bandura define self-efficacy?
“the belief in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations.”
- Basically, BELIEVE IN YOURSELF!
What are self report inventories?
Is a type of psychological test in which a person fills out a survey or questionnaire without the help of the investigator. Questions can be anything!
What is a dependent variable in an experiment?
It is what you are measuring and is what is being affected during the experiment.
What is an independent variable?
The thing you have control over/can manipulate in the experiment.
What are the problems with longitudinal research?
Longitudinal studies require enormous amounts of time and are often quite expensive. Because of this, these studies often have only a small group of subjects, which makes it difficult to apply the results to a larger population. Another problem is that participants sometimes drop out of the study, shrinking the sample size and decreasing the amount of data collected.
What is a sequential design?
A cross-sequential design is a research method that combines both a longitudinal design and a cross-sectional design. It aims to correct for some of the problems inherent in the cross-sectional and longitudinal designs.
What is longitudinal research?
esearch method in which data is gathered for the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time. Longitudinal research projects can extend over years or even decades
What is cross-sectional research?
is a type of observational study that involves the analysis of data collected from a population, or a representative subset, at one specific point in time
How many DNA molecules are in each human chromosome?
92 DNA molecules
-Each nucleus in a diploid human cell has 46 chromosomes.
Each chromosome is made of 2 chromatids.
Each chromatid is 1 DNA molecule.
This gives 92 DNA molecules in the nucleus.
How is a pink rose an example of Incomplete dominance?
Pink roses are often the result of incomplete dominance. When red roses, which contain the dominant red allele, are mated with white roses, which is recessive, the offspring will be heterozygotes and will express a pink phenotype
What is incomplete dominance?
Incomplete dominance refers to a genetic situation in which one allele does not completely dominate another allele, and therefore results in a new phenotype
What treatment would be given to an infant with PKU?
- Low protein based diet
- SPECIAL formula
- Medicine called Kuvan (sapropterin dihydrochloride ) which increases BH4, a substance that breaks down Phenylalanine.
What do behavioral geneticists study?
variation among individuals is separated into genetic versus environmental components. They typically study twins, adoption, etc.
Success rate of in-vitro fertilization?
20-40%
Describe the stages on prenatal development
- Germinal Stage
- Conception, sperm & egg unite
- Zygote begins travel to Uterus, cells divide, blastocyst
- Attaches to Uterine wall aka implantation - The Embryonic Stage
- Mass of cells is now called the Embryo: is distinctly human
- 8 weeks: gets all basic organs aside from reproductive/genitalia - The Fetal Stage
- Becomes the Fetus
- Brain and spinal cord develop: brain, spinal cord, cos become responsive
- Sex organs appear
- Hair, nails, etc
- Increases about 6x its size
What is differentiation of cells?
cellular differentiation is the process of a cell changing from one cell type to another. Most commonly this is a less specialized type becoming a more specialized type
What is cephalocaudal?
proceeding or occurring in the long axis of the body especially in the direction from head to tail
What is the moro reflex?
is an infantile reflex normally present in all infants/newborns up to 4 or 5 months of age as a response to a sudden loss of support, when the infant feels as if it is falling. It involves three distinct components:
spreading out the arms (abduction)
unspreading the arms (adduction)
crying (usually)
Why is it a concern if moro reflex is not present in an infant?
possibly damage to brain or spinal cord, damage to shoulder bone, damage to brachial plexus
What are the sleeping states of newborns?
Typically wakes every 3 hours to eat. Sleeps about 8-9 hours during the day, 8-9 hours during the night.
