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Human Computer Interactions 1 (Nicolas Herrera) > Exam 1 review > Flashcards

Exam 1 review Flashcards

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1
Q

What is included in the gulf of evaluation?

A

Perception
Interpretation
Evaluation

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2
Q

What is included in the gulf of execution?

A

Intention
Action plan
Execution

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3
Q

What does the wheel consist of?

A

Analyze
Design
Implement
Evaluate

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4
Q

What is the wheel also called?

A

UX life-cycle

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5
Q

Define: UX Analysis

A

The analysis of the users’ current work flow and activities to understand the users’ work domain, needs, and desires

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6
Q

What is UX Analysis also known as?

A

Requirements analysis

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7
Q

What are the key aspects of UX analysis?

A

Learn about the people themselves

Understanding the current work process

Studying the environment that they work in

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8
Q

What should you do for people in UX analysis?

A

Offer convenient and satisfying functionality

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9
Q

What should you do for process in UX analysis?

A

Offer functionality that meets the needs of the work

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10
Q

What should you do for environment in UX analysis?

A

Offer functionality that improves upon the artifacts and tools they currently use

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11
Q

Define: Contextual Inquiry

A

The gathering of detailed data on the work practices of users

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12
Q

Define: Contextual Analysis

A

The identification, sorting, organization, interpretation, consolidation, and communication of contextual inquiry data

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13
Q

Define: Requirements extraction

A

The process of identifying needs and requirements from the contextual analysis

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14
Q

Define: Model Construction

A

The process of creating models of the users, processes, and environment based on the extracted requirements

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15
Q

Define: Work Activity Note

A

a simple and succinct statement about a single concept, topic, or issue synthesized from the work activity data

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16
Q

T/F Each work activity note is tagged with a source ID

A

T

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17
Q

Each activity work note should be…

A

Compact and concise

Complete and self-standing

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18
Q

T/F Work activity notes should not use pronouns

A

T

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19
Q

T/F Each work activity note should use work roles to represent persons

A

T

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20
Q

What is requirements extraction about?

A

Developing requirements statements

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21
Q

Define: Requirement statements

A

A statement that describes some feature or functionality required by users for a particular category of tasks, and usually corresponds to one or more work activity notes.

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22
Q

How is a requirements statement structured

A

Name of major feature or category

Name of second-level feature or category

Requirements statement [IDs of relevant notes]

Rationale (If useful)

Note (Optional)

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23
Q

What is model construction about?

A

The users, their processes, and their environment

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24
Q

Define: Design thinking

A

An approach to creating a product to evoke a particular user experience

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25
Define: Conceptual Design
The communication of a mental model of a design vision through a theme, notion, or metaphor
26
Define: Design Production
The refinement of a design through multiple iterations, each more refined than the previous
27
What are the three primary tools for design thinking?
User personas Ideation Sketching
28
Define: User Persona
A pretend or "hypothetical archetype" user
29
What does a user persona represent?
A specific person in a specific work role with specific user class characteristics
30
Define: User Class
A description of the relevant characteristics of the user population who can take on a specific work role
31
T/F Each persona is a story and description of a specific individual who has a name, a life, and a personality
T
32
What are the tools for aiding the conceptual design process?
Metaphors Design scenarios Sequence models Storyboards Physical mockups
33
Define: Metaphor
An analogy to explain unfamiliar concepts using familiar or conventional knowledge
34
List 3 different perspectives of metaphors
Ecological perspective Interaction perspective Emotional perspective
35
Define: Scenario
A written outline giving details of a story line plot and individual scenes of the story
36
What does a scenario focus on?
Needs, goals, and concerns of users
37
What are design scenarios used for?
Brainstorming and to communicate concepts to stakeholders
38
T/F Design scenarios are the same as usage scenarios used during analysis
F, they are different
39
Define: Storyboard
A sequence of visual "frames" illustration the interplay between a user and an envisioned system
40
T/F Storyboards could be thought of as a comic-book style illustration of a design scenario, with a dialogue showing sequences of flow from frame to frame
T
41
Define; Physical mockup
A tangible, three-dimensional, physical prototype or a model of a device or product
42
What can be used during exploration and evaluation to simulate physical interaction?
Physical mockup
43
List the pros of prototyping
Concrete communication of designs Allow for test drives and evaluations of design Provide project visibility and buy-in Help transitions from the old system to the new
44
List the cons of prototyping
Can potentially sour the client on the design due to limitations of the prototype Can promise more than what will be delivered in the final product due to prototype "magic" Can lead to overworking a prototype instead of progressing forward
45
Define: Horizontal Prototype
A prototype very broad in features, but offers less depth in its coverage of functionality
46
Define: Vertical Prototype
A prototype that contains as much depth of functionality as possible for one feature
47
Define: T Prototype
A prototype that realized as much of the design at a shallow level but covers a few features in depth
48
Define: Local Prototype
A prototype limited in breadth and depth and used to evaluate design alternatives for a particular isolated interaction detail
49
Define: Fidelity
The degree of exactness with which the intended product is realized in a prototype
50
Define: Low-Fidelity Prototype
A prototype that provides impressions of the intended design
51
Define: Interactivity
The degree of exactness with which interactions are realized in a prototype
52
Define: Quantitative
Numeric data regarding the user experience
53
What is an example of quantitative data?
Number of errors made by a user during a | benchmark task
54
What is the pro of quantitative data?
Easy to process and analyze
55
What is the con of quantitative data?
Provides limited information
56
Define: Qualitative
Non-numeric, descriptive data describing the user experience
57
What is the pro of qualitative data?
Provides rich information
58
What is the con of qualitative data?
Difficult to process and analyze
59
What is an example of qualitative data?
A user’s verbal recount of thoughts and actions | taken during a benchmark task
60
Define: Objective
Data observed directly by an evaluator or an observer
61
What is an example of objective?
Number of errors made by a user during a task
62
What is the pro of objective?
Does not vary among observers
63
What is the con of objective?
Does not provide insight to the user’s opinion
64
Define: Subjective
Data that represents an opinion, judgment, or other | personally based feedback
65
What is an example of subjective?
A user’s satisfaction rating for a user interface
66
What is the pro of subjective?
Provides insight to the user’s opinion
67
What is the con of subjective?
Varies from person to person
68
Define: Formative Evaluation
Helps to form the design
69
Define: Summative Evaluation
Helps to sum up the design
70
Define: Formal Evaluation
Typified by controlled hypothesis testing with an m by n factorial design, x independent variables, y dependent variables, and complex statistical methods
71
Define: Informal Evaluation
Typified by ad hoc testing without experimental controls, with smaller numbers of participants, and only summary descriptive statistics
72
Formal evaluations are ____-oriented
Science
73
Informal evaluations are ____-oriented
Engineering
74
Define: Rapid Evaluation
An evaluation method that is fast and less expensive, but at the cost of being less effective
75
Define: Rigorous Evaluation
An evaluation method that maximizes effectiveness and minimizes the risk of errors, regardless of speed or cost
76
Define: Lab-based Study
Controls the environment to limit distractions
77
Define: Field Study
Uses the real work context to improve ecological validity
78
Define: Ecological Validity
The realism with which an experimental design matches | the user’s real work context
79
Give an example of high ecological validity
Testing a new web browser at the client’s location while | completing other everyday tasks
80
Give an example of low ecological validity
Testing a new web browser in a lab while instructing the | user what tasks to complete
81
Define: Analytic Evaluation
An evaluation based on analyzing the inherent attributes of the design rather than observing the design in use
82
Define: Empirical Evaluation
An evaluation based on data collected while | observing real user participants using the design
83
What does an empirical evaluation require?
Participants representative of the end users
84
What is an analytic evaluation conducted with?
UX experts
85
Define: Likert Scale
A range of values describing an attribute that is the focus of a question
86
What are the extreme values in a Likert scale called?
Anchors
87
Define: Perception
Receiving sensory stimuli from the environment
88
Define: Cognition
Processing stimuli and memories to understand the | environment
89
Define: Motor Skills
Physically executing actions selected by cognition
90
List the things the human perception is biased by
Past and our experiences Present and the current context Future and our goals
91
Define: Gestalt Principles
Visual phenomena optimized to see structure
92
What are examples of the gestalt principle?
Whole shapes Figures Objects
93
T/F We have high resolution at the fovea
T
94
Define: Semantic
Memory regarding facts and relationships
95
Define: Episodic
Memory records of past events
96
Define: Procedural
Memory of action sequences
97
Define: Working memory
Our current attention and prior knowledge
98
What is Fitts' Law?
Pointing time depends on distance (D) and the | width (W) of the target
99
What's an application of steering law?
Context menus
100
Define: Input device
A physical device that allows communication from | the user to the computer via sensors
101
What are the six categories of input devices?
Desktop input Screen-based Input Tracking 3D Mice Special-purpose input Direct human input
102
List six types of motion trackers
Magnetic Mechanical Acoustic Inertial Optical Hybrid
103
Define: Output Devices
Physical devices allowing communication | from the computer to the user via the senses
104
List the types of visual displays
Monitor Head-mounted display Surround-screen display Workbench Hemispherical display Arm-mounted display Retinal display Volumetric display
105
List the types of auditory displays
Headphones External speakers
106
List the types of haptic displays
Ground-references Body-referenced Tactile Combination Passive
107
What are the categories of design guidelines?
Eight golden rules Providing indications Organizing the user interface Displaying information Directing attention
108
List the eight golden rules
Consistency Universal usability Informative feedback Design dialogs to yield closure Prevent errors Easy reversal of actions Internal locus of control Reduce short-term memory load
109
List the principles used to afford the formation of user goals and actions
Modes Reverse actions Shortcuts Requirements Beginning tasks User progress System progress Task completion Exits
110
List the goals of organizing the user interface
Capitalize on patterns Group similar elements Reduce memory load Provide multiple views Provide flexibility
111
List the information concerns for displaying information
Consistency Formatting Colors Legibility Understandability Compatibility Overload
112
List the methods of directing attention
Intensity Marking Size Font Color Blinking Audio

Human Computer Interactions 1 (Nicolas Herrera) (3 decks)

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