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Pharmacology II > Exam 1 Review Continuation > Flashcards

Exam 1 Review Continuation Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

What is the therapeutic range for phenytoin?

A

10-20 mcg

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2
Q

What is the toxic level for phenytoin?

A

30-50 mcg/mL

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3
Q

State the before (4) and after (2) effects of ibuprofen/Advil

A

before: acute pain, injury, nausea, decreased mobility
after: pain level decreased, swelling/redness is reduced

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4
Q

What is the therapeutic range for lithium?

A

0.8-1.2 mEq/L

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5
Q

What are some of the side effects of cephalosporin antibiotics? (6)

A
  • anorexia
  • nausea
  • vomiting
  • headache
  • dizziness
  • itching/rash
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6
Q

State the before (3) and after (2) effects of cephalosporin

A

before: tissue injury, nausea, vomiting
after: infection has ceased, no side effects including superinfection occur

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7
Q

What are the signs of superinfection? (3)

A

mouth ulcers, white patches on the tongue, discharge from the anal or genital area

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8
Q

Which cephalosporin generation is a broad-spectrum antibiotic effective against MRSA?

A

5th generation cephalosporin

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9
Q

Define bacteriostatic

A

prevents the growth of the bacteria

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10
Q

Define bacteriocidal

A

kills the bacteria

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11
Q

What type of drug is venlafaxine? How does it function?

A

serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI); blocks nerve fibers to increase serotonin and norepinephrine in the nerve cells

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12
Q

What does venlafaxine treat? (4)

A

depression, generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety, panic disorder

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13
Q

Side effects of venlafaxine? (2)

Adverse reactions? (3)

A
  • Dizziness, insomnia

- Serotonin syndrome, orthostatic hypotension, suicidal ideation

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14
Q

What are some signs of serotonin syndrome? (4)

A

tachycardia, hypertension, twitching, hyperthermia

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15
Q

Patient teaching for venlafaxine? (3)

A
  • assess OTC herb usage (esp. St. John’s wort)
  • risk for fall (orthostatic hypotension)
  • monitor signs of serotonin syndrome
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16
Q

Bethanechol is what type of drug?

A

Cholinergic Parasympathomimetic

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17
Q

What does bethanechol treat? (2)

A
  • urinary retention

- neurologic bladder

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18
Q

How does bethanechol function?

A

stimulates cholinergic muscarinic receptor to prompt contraction of bladder

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19
Q

What are some side effects of bethanechol? (3)

A
  • frequency
  • diaphoresis
  • hypersalivation
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20
Q

What are some adverse effects of bethanechol? (3)

A
  • tachycardia
  • hypotension
  • bronchospasm
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21
Q

What are contraindications for use of bethanechol? (4)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • IBS
  • GI or UT obstruction
  • COPD
  • asthma
22
Q

Interventions for bethanechol?

Study These Flashcards
A
  • auscultate lung sounds for wheezing (adverse reaction of bronchospasm)
23
Q

Doxycycline is what type of drug? Used to treat? (2)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • antibacterial tetracycline

- treats acne, UTI

24
Q

Side effects of doxycycline? (5)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • tooth/nail discoloration
  • photosensitivity
  • rash
  • injection site reaction
  • dysphagia
25
Adverse reaction of doxycycline that is common with most antibiotics?
Superinfection
26
Patient teaching for doxycycline? (4)
- expected that teeth/ nails may be discolored - avoid sunlight - assess injection site for reaction - risk for aspiration
27
Cyclobenzaprine is what type of drug? What does it treat?
- muscle relaxant | - treats short-term muscle spasms
28
Side effects of cyclobenzaprine? (2)
- anticholinergic effects | - unpleasant taste
29
Cardiac issues that pose as a contraindication for cyclobenzaprine? (3)
- QT prolongation - arrhythmias - AMI
30
Patient teaching for cyclobenzaprine? (3)
- should not be used for more than 2-3 weeks - caution when driving or operating machinery avoid sunlight - take with food/milk to decrease GI upset
31
Infliximab is what type of drug? Used to treat? (2)
- tumor necrosis factor blocker | - rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis
32
How does infliximab work?
binds and blocks TNF from attaching to receptors, delays the inflammatory process
33
What are some side effects of infliximab? (4)
- fever - rash - arthralgia - myalgia
34
What are some adverse effects of infliximab? (2)
- severe infections | - bronchospasm
35
Contraindication of infliximab?
patients with HF
36
Patient teaching for infliximab?
concurrent use of other immunosuppressives may increase the risk for infection
37
What criteria does an HCP use to decide which antidepressant to use? (4)
- suicidal ideation - how long they have been depressed for - cause of depression/sadness - what medications they use and if it was effective
38
Other than migraine treatment, what does propranolol do/treat? (2) It is what type of drug?
- decrease cardiac remodeling - treats HF - adrenergic antagonist
39
Why is epinephrine given to patients who are having anaphylaxis due to allergic reactions? (2)
Promotes bronchodilation and increases HR
40
Ethosuximide is an antiseizure used to treat?
Absence seizures mostly in young children
41
Can phenytoin be used to address status epilepticus?
No, status epilepticus is treated with a benzodiazepine (lorazepam)
42
What does it mean if epinephrine extravasates?
the IV leaks into the surrounding tissue which may deoxygenate the tissue, causing tissue necrosis
43
Which intervention is a priority for a patient that is taking tolterodine tartrate for urinary retention who presents to the emergency department with complaints of lip swelling and is audibly wheezing?
Establish airway
44
Physostigmine is the antidote for what overdose?
Atropine overdose (restlessness and tachycardia)?
45
A patient should avoid foods that contain tyramine when taking which group of medications? What are some examples of foods containing tyramine?
MAOIs; aged cheese, red wine, certain meats
46
Patient teaching for benztropine? (2)
- driving should be avoided because it causes drowsiness | - should stay indoors during hot weather because of decreased ability to sweat
47
Using direct-acting cholinergic agonists is contraindicated in patients with what medical history?
Asthma (cholinergic agonists caused bronchial constriction)
48
What is the difference between cholinergic agonists and cholinergic antagonists?
Cholinergic agonists: stimulate acetylcholine Cholinergic antagonists: block acetylcholine by occupying its receptors
49
Bethanechol therapy can result in what lab results? What should an RN do?
- false elevation of amylase and lipase lab results | - should contact the HCP
50
What are signs of cholinergic crisis that can occur with the usage of bethanechol? (5) What should the RN do immediately?
- sweating - flushing - nausea - muscle weakness - increased salivation - Rn should treat immediately with IV atropine
51
What are the signs of atropine overdose? (2) What should an RN do? (2)
- tachycardia and pupil dilation | - provide artificial ventilation immediately and contact HCP
52
What response by the student indicates effective teaching on anticholinergic medications?
"Anticholinergics cause problems with urinary retention"

Pharmacology II (7 decks)

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