Exam 1 Review except Musculature

Question 1

general classes of voice disorders

Answer 1

• disorders of phonation
• disorders or resonance

Question 2

disorders of phonation

Answer 2

disorders of the voice resulting primarily from action of the vfs causing an unsuitable voice quality

Question 3

disorders of resonance

Answer 3

cuppling and uncuppling of various laryngeal cavities affecting the voice quality

Question 4

5 layered structures of vfs

Answer 4

1. epithelium
   - lamina propria: 2. superficial layer, 3. intermediate layer, 4. deep layer
2. vocalis

Question 5

superficial layer also contains

Answer 5

Reinke’s space

Question 6

Reinke’s space

Answer 6

space between epithelium and superficial layer

Question 7

laryngeal saccules

Answer 7

produce and secrete mucous

Question 8

The Rehabilitation of Speech was written by

Answer 8

West, Kennedy, and Carr

Question 9

The Rehabilitation of Speech is about

Answer 9

• organic disorder
• when voice problems are related to a laryngeal dysfunction, there is always a reason
• if properly studied, that reason will be discovered

Question 10

Speech Correction: Principles and Methods was written by

Answer 10

Charles Van Riper

Question 11

Speech Correction: Principles and Methods is about

Answer 11

first to classify voice by disorders of pitch, loudness, and quality

Question 12

adaptive function of the voice

Answer 12

primary function of the larynx is biologic, however, over time its anatomy and physiology have been modified so that it is also capable of voice production

Question 13

overlaid function of the voice

Answer 13

primary function of the larynx is biologic, however, its anatomy and physiology make it uniquely suited for voice production

Question 14

layers of the vfs per the body-cover model

Answer 14

• cover
• transition
• body

Question 15

body-cover model: cover

Answer 15

superficial layer and epithelium

Question 16

body-cover model: transition

Answer 16

intermediate layer and deep layer

Question 17

body-cover model: body

Answer 17

thyroarytenoid muscle of vocalis

Question 18

the glottis

Answer 18

• unpaired
• leaf shaped cartilage
• extends from just above the vfs, up through the hyoid, to base of tongue

Question 19

the glottis: function

Answer 19

• no function in voice
• functions in swallowing

Question 20

4 historic periods in the study of voice and throat

Answer 20

1. fictious stage
2. metaphysical stage
3. traditional stage
4. realistic stage

Question 21

1. fictious stage

Answer 21

• natural phenomena such as the voice were explained as being magical, religious, or supernatural
• physicians were considered religious figures, and disorders of the throat and voice were treated using folk remedies or via religious ceremony

Question 22

2. metaphysical stage

Answer 22

• our knowledge about the throat and voice was based partly on observation but mainly on speculation
• doctors took the role of philosophers

Question 23

3. traditional stage

Answer 23

• occurred concurrently with the Dark Ages
• period of artistic and intellectual stagnation
• information was based upon revelation, and it typically came from the fathers of the church

Question 24

4. realistic stage

Answer 24

• knowledge was based upon observation and experimentation, medicine (including the study of the throat and voice) became science
• it continues to this day

Question 25

extrinsic muscles contributing to voice production

Answer 25

- when raising pitch, muscles pull larynx up - when lowering pitch, muscles pull larynx down

Question 26

intrinsic muscles contributing to voice production

Answer 26

- open and close vfs - tense and relax vfs

Question 27

highest prevalence of voice disorders by gender: children

Answer 27

boys more likely due to lifestyle, but slowly changing

Question 28

highest prevalence of voice disorders by gender: adults

Answer 28

females more likely due to professions, social life, and society roles

Question 29

biologic functions of the larynx

Answer 29

- controls air flow during respiration - protection of the airway from foreign bodies - thoracic fixation/glottal effort closure reflex

Question 30

during respiration, when vfs are abducted...

Answer 30

air flows freely

Question 31

during respiration, when vfs are adducted...

Answer 31

no exchange of air

Question 32

protection of the airway from foreign bodies

Answer 32

- stage actors involved with smoke - someone is choking - allergies

Question 33

thoracic fixation/glottal effort closure reflex

Answer 33

- brief inhale in - vfs close - air pressure builds up - when you lift, your shoulder girdle and the muscles of your neck fixate around the larynx *occurs during weight bearing activities*

Question 34

aryepiglottic folds

Answer 34

- most superior set of laryngeal folds - courses from the top of the arytenoids anteriorly to the sides of the epiglottis

Question 35

function of aryepiglottic folds during swallowing

Answer 35

come inward during swallowing and decrease size of laryngeal opening

Question 36

parameters which constitute a functional description of the typical voice

Answer 36

- loud enough to be heard - produced in a manner that does not produce vocal trauma and thus, laryngeal lesions - pleasant to listen to and have a pleasing quality - flexible enough to express emotion - represent the speaker well in terms of age and gender

Question 37

conus elasticus

Answer 37

- most inferior - drape over the true vfs and then continue downward and line up the upper trachea

Question 38

conus elasticus: function

Answer 38

outer most layer of the true vfs

Question 39

boundaries of the ventricles

Answer 39

space between false vfs and true vfs

Question 40

how the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles work in concert for voice production

Answer 40

any alterations done to one changes the other

Question 41

cartilaginous glottis

Answer 41

where the cartilaginous portion of the vfs are

Question 42

size of cartilaginous glottis

Answer 42

posterior 2/5ths of the glottal space

Question 43

membranous glottis

Answer 43

portion bordered by membranous vfs

Question 44

size of membraneous glottis

Answer 44

anterior 3/5ths of the glottal space

Question 45

vfs as a multi-layered vibrators capable of producing a mucosal wave

Answer 45

- each layer is uniquely deformed by the outgoing airstream - travels across the mucosa from medial to lateral in the direction of mucosal wave